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    Çeşitli organik atıkların tarım topraklarında kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002-01-18) Çetin, Ümmühan; Gür, Kemal
    Bu araştırmanın amacı, toprağa karıştırılan farklı organik atıkların, toprağın azot mineralizasyonu, mineral azotu, C/N oram, katalaz enzim aktivitesi ve agregat stabilitesi üzerine olan etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla, organik atık olarak mantar kompostu, çöp kompostu, sığır gübresi, tavuk gübresi ve arıtılmış kanalizasyon çamuru kullanılmıştır. Laboratuvar koşullarında saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada saksılara fırın kuru ağırlık üzerinden 500 g toprak ve 0 (kontrol) - 3 ve 6 ton/da uygulama dozunda organik atıklar karıştırılmıştır. Karıştırılan topraklar, tarla kapasitesinin % 70'i oranında nemlendirildikten sonra saksılar 28 °C'ye ayarlı inkübatörde inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Toprak neminin sabit kalmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Denemenin 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 32 ve 45 günlük inkübasyonları sonunda inkübasyona alman saksılardan toprak örnekleri alınarak NH4+-N, NCV-N, toplam-N, C/N oram, toprağın CO2 üretimi, katalaz enzim aktivitesi ve agregat stabilitesi belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, toprağa karıştırılan organik atıkların çeşit ve dozu NH4+-N, NO3VN, mineralize olan azot, C/N oranı, katalaz enzim aktivitesi, CO2 üretimi ve agregat stabilitesi üzerine etkili olmuştur. İlave edilen organik atıkların toprağın nitrifikasyon kapasitesi, mineralize azot, katalaz enzim aktivitesi, C02 üretimi ve agregat stabilitesi gibi özelliklerini artıncı etkide (p< 0.05) bulunmuş ve bu artıncı etki ise organik atıkların çeşidine, dozuna ve inkübasyon sûresine bağlı olarak değişmiştir.
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    Contents of Metals in Some Wild Mushrooms Its Impact in Human Health
    (Humana Press Inc, 2006) Doğan, Hasan Hüseyin; Şanda, Murat Aydın; Uyanöz, Refik; Öztürk, Celaleddin; Çetin, Ümmühan
    The concentrations of 7 metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, copper, nickel, silver, and chromium) were determined in 32 different species of wild Mushrooms. The mushroom samples, which have been using for food and some medical purposes, were collected from Konya, an Inner Anatolian region of Turkey. The highest metal concentrations were determined as 39 mg/kg Pb and 3.72 mg/kg Cd in Trichaptum abietinum, 467 mg/kg Mn in Panaeolus sphinctrinus, 326 mg/kg Cu in Trametes versicolor 69.4 mg/kg Ni in Helvella spadicea, 6.97 mg/kg Ag in Agaricus campestris, and 84.5 mg/kg Cr in Phellinus igniarius. The maximum contents are 1.52, 2.22, and 60.2 mg/kg in Pleurotus eryngii (for Pb), Amanita vaginata (for Cd), and Helvella leucomelana (for Cu), respectively. These results were compared according to the WHO/FAO standard.
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    Effect of Organic Materials on Yields and Nutrient Accumulation of Wheat
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2006) Uyanöz, Refik; Çetin, Ümmühan; Karaarslan, Emel
    This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a sandy clay loam treated with garbage and mushroom composts, cattle and chicken manures, or municipal sludge at rates of 0, 30, or 60 ton ha(-1). The organic materials were applied to the pots and incubated for 15 d. The soil samples were watered at field capacity. In this experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used as a test crop. At the end of the experiment, it was found that treating sandy clay loam with the organic materials increased plant total and grain yields, protein content, 1000-kernel weight, number of grains in spike, and accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) by wheat compared with the control treatment, depending on the organic material applications. Thus, the increases were found to be statistically significant (P <= 0.05). Among the types of organic materials, the sewage sludge was the most effective material in increasing N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mn content of leaf, grain, and stem samples of the wheat plant. It was followed by mushroom compost and cattle manure. Based on the results, sewage sludge and garbage compost are suggested for use as an amendment for the soil studied. Comparing the beneficial effects of the organic materials applied for improving plant growth and nutrient accumulation, the materials can be arranged in the following descending order: municipal sludge > chicken manure > cattle manure > garbage compost > mushroom compost. It is suggested that recycling of organic materials for agricultural usage as an organic-matter resource is an alternative, organic fertilization option in Turkey.
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    Mineral contents of some aromatic plants, their growth soils ana infusions
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2008) Zengin, Mehmet; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Çetin, Ümmühan; Gezgin, Sait
    BACKGROUND: In this study, 18 kinds of medicinal plants were collected together with their soils from different regions of Turkey and their macro- and micro-element and heavy metal contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In soils, pH, electrical conductivity, carbonate (lime), organic matter, texture, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B were analysed. In plants and extracts, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Na, Al, Li, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co and Cr contents were determined. Also, correlations between soil and plant and between plant and extract were established. RESULTS: Element concentrations ranged between 0.11 and 5160 mu g g(-1) in soil samples, between 0.14 and 54400 mu g g(-1) in plant samples and between 0.039 and 22033 mu g g(-1) in extract samples. While sage was rich in Fe (981.3 mu g g(-1)), basil was abundant in P (9.8 mg g(-1)), K (54.4 mg g(-1)), Ca (22.6 mg g(-1)), Mg (3.1 mg g(-1)) and Zn (46.05 mu g g(-1)) and mint was rich in Li (23.50 mu g g(-1)). Moreover, while high levels of P (4100.9 mu g g-1), K (22033 mu g g(-1)) and Mg (529.15 mu g g(-1)) were found in basil extract, Ca (5979.3 mu g g(-1)) was present at high concentration in marjoram leaf extract. Also, Fe (4.25 mu g g(-1)) and Zn (17.51 mu g g(-1)) were detected at high levels in lime flower and mint extracts respectively. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that aromatic plants are important sources of nutrients and essential elements. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.