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    Evaluation of the Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Syndrome in Dental School Students With Psychometric Analysis
    (2002) Mutlu, Necip; Herken, Hasan; Güray, Enis; Öz, Fatih; Kalaycı, Abdullah
    Aim: Despite the increasing volume of evidence implicating psychological factors in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder syndrome, these aspects of management are frequently neglected. In the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome, clinical examination must be accompanied by an evaluation of the patients' emotional condition. In our study, the prevalence of TMJ disorders of dental students and the relation between TMJ disorder syndrome and the emotional condition of the patient were evaluated. Methods: The study group consisted of 156 males and 105 females: a total of 261 students. For the psychometric analysis the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL 90-R), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), and State Trait Anxiety Inventory I and II (STAI-I and II) tests were used. Standard clinical examination protocol was followed. Results: Psychometric measurements revealed significant psychological differences between subjects with the following TMJ disorder syndrome symptoms: hypochondria, hysteria (MMPI), somatization, and anger (SCL 90-R). In both groups, there were no significant differences between the scales of BDS, RSS and STAI-I and II. Clinical examination revealed internal derangement of 18 male and 18 female students and external derangement of 6 male and 1 female students. Conclusion: In terms of the relation to TMJ disorder syndrome, where it affects the patient's emotional condition, psychiatric support can be very useful in the evaluation and treatment of patients with these complaints.
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    Possible Association of Temporomandibular Joint Pain and Dysfunction with a Polymorphism the Serotonin Transporter Gene
    (MOSBY, INC, 2001) Herken, Hasan; Erdal, Emin; Mutlu, Necip; Barlas, Ömer; Çataloluk, Osman; Öz, Fatih; Güray, Enis
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism. Forty-eight patients with temporomandibular joint pain and 111 healthy control subjects were examined. The results for the patients and control subjects were not significantly different (P > .05). The analysis of genotype distribution (homozygous for STin 2.10 genotypes of the variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism) showed significant differences between the patients and control subjects (P = .003). ST 2.10 allele was more frequent in the patients with temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. In the control group, however, STin 2.12/12 genotype was significantly higher (P = .017). In the patients who were homozygous or heterozygous for variable-number tandem-repeat variants of 5-HTT STin 2.12 copies, the average scores of somatization and anger were significantly higher than those who were homozygous for STin 2.10 variant (P < .05). The patients who were homozygous for STin 2.10 genotype were also homozygous for "L" genotype (P = .019). However, this was not the condition in the control subjects. This study does not provide evidence to support the involvement of 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region in temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. Our findings indicated that only the presence of the homozygous STin 2.10 genotype of variable-number tandem-repeat is likely to play a substantial role in the genetic predisposition to temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction and that the STin 2.12/12 genotype may have a protective role against temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction.