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Öğe Fatih Dönemi Osmanlı şehri(Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Merkezi, 1987) Alkan, Ahmet[Abstract not Available]Öğe Image enhancement in positron emission tomography using expectation maximization(Selcuk University Research Center of Applied Mathematics, 2006) Erol, Halil; Köklükaya, Etem; Alkan, AhmetPositron Emission Tomography (PET) tomography is one of the imaging modality. PET Tomography scanners collect measurements of a patient's in vivo radiotracer distribution. These measurements are reconstructed into cross-sectional images. Tomographic image reconstruction forms images of functional information in nuclear medicine applications and the same principles can be applied to modalities such as X-ray computed tomography and Single Photon Computed Tomography (SPECT). Reconstruction in PET can be done in two ways, direct and algebraic methods. Iterative reconstruction is an algebraic reconstruction method. The great advantage of iterative methods is that correction to attenuation and depth-dependent detector response can be incorporated to the reconstruction process. One of the drawbacks of the iterative reconstruction methods is the huge computation, due to large system matrices. This system matrix is very sparse. In Matlab 7, matrices having elements more than 100 million can not be executed or stored due to its size restriction. To overcome this problem we have implemented a new storage technique. By this technique, large system matrices can be manipulated in Matlab7. Reconstructed images are compared with the images which are obtained by using direct reconstruction algorithms, namely, Filtered Backprojection.Öğe Ontological Planning(SELCUK UNIV, 2017) Alkan, AhmetDebates about "being" and "existence" have continued uninterruptedly since ancient times in accordance with the evolution of philosophical thinking albeit at various levels of intensity. "Spatial Planning" which had not constitute a problem area for mankind until the industrial revolution, was linked to "ontology" either. In the post industrial revolution, on the other hand, "Cultural Delay" was regarded as a threshold before harmony in defining social problems mostly as a result of "technology-culture" oriented approaches. Failure to obtain expected results from endeavors to find solution to spatial problems in this manner of relationships paved the way for emergence of new ideas with regard to making use of ontology. However ontology has not been able to find a place for itself within the planning discipline and theory in adequate scope and dimensions in the search for a solution to the problem. This paper will make an attempt at presenting a point of view that can a modest contribution to the planning and ontology relations and try to discuss whether or not such endeavors will evolve into a method. The theme of planning, which began and was tried to be continued as "people-oriented", also carries an "ontological" approach at the heart of the action. The problem here is to find an answer to the question of how an institutionalized structure or system can be acquired by raising this improvised attitude to the level of consciousness, thereby enabling it to participate effectively in the planning-implementation efforts. We are now faced with the reality that the efforts that were made from the beginning of the industrial revolution, when urban developments gained momentum, to the Euclidian understanding of planning in the 1950s and 1960s based on scientific approaches, to an approach of planning that channelled limited urban lands to profit during the urbanization process, to making "strategic" decisions on the basis of the planning decision theory and gradually evolving into a search for "strategic spatial planning" have not yielded the anticipated results. Can we make use of "ontology" in finding a solution to this deep-rooted and complicated question?. If yes, how? Can macro and micro level institutional structures be used as instruments to this end, no matter how utopian they may seem today? Can existing ones be rendered more effective?. Is it possible that there might be some among the variables of the planning (dependent and independent) that need to be opened for discussion and repositioned (like time)?. Is it possible to redefine ontology within the hierarchical structure of planning? We are going to seek answers to some of these questions within the limited scope of this paper and we are going to offer the rest for discussion by just asking them. In light of these assessments, drawing attention, based on ontological knowledge relying on the wholeness of universe, to the question, on macro level planning, of whether or not the ontological realities of man, energy and movements of thinking can provide macro data for planning on a universal level as important factors affecting mankind will be one of the limited objectives of the paper.Öğe Ontological planning(Selcuk University Faculty of Architecture, 2017-12-18) Alkan, AhmetDebates about “being” and “existence” have continued uninterruptedly since ancient times in accordance with the evolution of philosophical thinking albeit at various levels of intensity. “Spatial Planning” which had not constitute a problem area for mankind until the industrial revolution, was linked to “ontology” either. In the post industrial revolution, on the other hand, “Cultural Delay” was regarded as a threshold before harmony in defining social problems mostly as a result of “technology-culture” oriented approaches. Failure to obtain expected results from endeavors to find solution to spatial problems in this manner of relationships paved the way for emergence of new ideas with regard to making use of ontology. However ontology has not been able to find a place for itself within the planning discipline and theory in adequate scope and dimensions in the search for a solution to the problem. This paper will make an attempt at presenting a point of view that can a modest contribution to the planning and ontology relations and try to discuss whether or not such endeavors will evolve into a method. The theme of planning, which began and was tried to be continued as “people-oriented”, also carries an “ontological” approach at the heart of the action. The problem here is to find an answer to the question of how an institutionalized structure or system can be acquired by raising this improvised attitude to the level of consciousness, thereby enabling it to participate effectively in the planning-implementation efforts. We are now faced with the reality that the efforts that were made from the beginning of the industrial revolution, when urban developments gained momentum, to the Euclidian understanding of planning in the 1950s and 1960s based on scientific approaches, to an approach of planning that channelled limited urban lands to profit during the urbanization process, to making “strategic” decisions on the basis of the planning decision theory and gradually evolving into a search for “strategic spatial planning” have not yielded the anticipated results. Can we make use of “ontology” in finding a solution to this deep-rooted and complicated question? If yes, how? Can macro and micro level institutional structures be used as instruments to this end, no matter how utopian they may seem today? Can existing ones be rendered more effective? Is it possible that there might be some among the variables of the planning (dependent and independent) that need to be opened for discussion and repositioned (like time)? Is it possible to redefine ontology within the hierarchical structure of planning? We are going to seek answers to some of these questions within the limited scope of this paper and we are going to offer the rest for discussion by just asking them. In light of these assessments, drawing attention, based on ontological knowledge relying on the wholeness of universe, to the question, on macro level planning, of whether or not the ontological realities of man, energy and movements of thinking can provide macro data for planning on a universal level as important factors affecting mankind will be one of the limited objectives of the paper.
