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Öğe Evaluation of Netrin-1 Levels and Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetes(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2016) Ay, Emre; Marakoglu, Kamile; Kizmaz, Muhammet; Unlu, AliBackgroundNetrin-1 is a diagnostic biomarker that has been identified recently for chronic renal failure (CRF) in animal experiments. Netrin-1 levels in urine have been shown to have increased significantly at the acute kidney damage. Human studies on the relation between the CRF and plasma netrin-1 levels have not been found in the literature. This study aimed to investigate whether plasma netrin-1 levels increased in the early stages of the CRF in diabetic patients. MethodsPlasma samples from healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria were collected after receiving consent. Netrin-1 in plasma was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the data were analyzed to determine whether plasma netrin-1 correlates significantly with disease progression. ResultPlasma netrin-1 level in microalbuminuric diabetic patients was significantly higher than in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients and the control group. However, no significant difference between normoalbuminuric patients and control group was determined. Plasma netrin-1 level was significantly associated with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, independently of age and sex. ConclusionThis study supports that plasma netrin-1 level increases significantly when glomerular damage occurs in diabetic nephropathy.Öğe Plasma netrin-1 levels significantly increase in smokers(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016) Kizmaz, Muhammet; Marakoglu, Kamile; Kiyici, Aysel; Ay, EmreObjectives: Netrin-1 is a laminin like protein that has recently been suggested to involve in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and treatment targets. The relationship between netrin-1 and atherosclerosis has not been evaluated in a human research previously and the effect of smoking on plasma netrin-1 levels as well. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma netrin-1 levels in smokers and non-smokers and the impact of smoking on netrin-1 levels. Our second aim was to evaluate the existence of peripheral artery disease in these groups by means of ankle brachial index (ABI) measurements and the relation between plasma netrin-1 levels and peripheral artery disease. Design and Methods: Smoker and non-smoker male patients were contributed in the study, 112 males in each group. ABI of all patients was determined with an automatic device and plasma netrin-1 levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Netrin-1 levels were compared between smoker and non-smoker cases, and the cases with and without peripheral arterial disease. Results: Plasma netrin-1 levels of smokers (4.54 +/- 2.87 pg/mL) were significantly higher than in non-smokers (3.81 +/- 1.26 pg/mL) (p = 0.015). Similarly, netrin-1 levels of cases with peripheral arterial disease (6.21 +/- 2.16 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the ones without peripheral arterial disease (4.07 +/- 2.16 pg/mL) (p = 0.002). Amount of smoking (packet.year) and ABI were found to be significantly related with netrin-1 levels. The relationship between PAD and netrin-1 levels remained significant after adjusting for smoking status. Conclusion: We can conclude that plasma netrin-1 levels significantly increase in smokers and peripheral artery disease is significantly related with netrin-1 levels after adjusting for smoking status. (C) 2016 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.