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    Antimicrobial activities of some mushrooms in Turkey
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Duman, Rustem; Ozkalp, Birol; Aydin, Sema
    Context: Terfezia boudieri Chatin (Pezizaceae), Agaricus brunnescens Peck (Agaricaceae) and Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. (Russulaceae) are well-known species in Turkey, and are used both for food and traditional medicine. Objective: The powdered fruit bodies of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities. Materials and methods: Chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were tested for their antimicrobial activities against four Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria and yeast using a micro-dilution method. Results: The strongest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value observed against the test microorganisms was with the chloroform extract of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 mu g/mL) against Streptococcus pyogenes. Maximum antimicrobial effects were observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri and L. vellereus (MIC 4.8 mu g/mL) against Bacillus subtilis. The strongest antifungal activity was observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 mu g/mL) and A. brunnescens (MIC 19.5 mu g/mL) against Candida albicans. The strongest MIC values for all fungal extracts were observed between 78 and 2.4 mu g/mL. Discussion and conclusion: Present results demonstrated that these three mushroom species have excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activities, and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.
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    DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF DESERT TRUFFLE IN TURKEY
    (AFRICAN NETWORKS ETHNOMEDICINES, 2013) Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Aydin, Sema
    Terfezia boudieri Chatin (Scop.) Pers., is a famous macrofungus in the world as well as in Turkey for its pleasant aroma and flavour. People believe that this mushroom has some medicinal properties. Therefore, it is consumed as food and for medicinal purposes. Chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of T. boudieri were tested to reveal its antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast using a micro dilution method. In this study, the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was observed with the acetone extract (MIC, 4.8 mu g/mL) against Candida albicans. Maximum antimicrobial effect was also determined with the acetone extract (MIC, 39-78 mu g/mL). The scavenging effect of T. boudieri on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was measured as 0.031 mg/mL at 5 mg/mL concentration, and its reducing power was 0.214 mg/mL at 0.4 mg/mL. In addition, the phenolic contents were determined as follows: the catechin was 20 mg/g, the ferulic acid was 15 mg/g, the p-coumaric acid was 10 mg/g, and the cinnamic acid was 6 mg/g. The results showed that T. boudieri has antimicrobial activity on the gram negative and positive bacteria as well as yeast, and it also has a high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, T. boudieri can be recommended as an important natural food source.