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    Morphology, chemical properties, and radiocarbon dating of eutrophic peat in Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011) Cayci, G.; Baran, A.; Ozaytekin, H.; Kutuk, C.; Karaca, S.; Cicek, N.
    Morphologies, classifications, chemical properties and radiocarbon dates of Akgol-Sakarya peatland located in the northwestern part of Turkey, which has never been studied up to now, were investigated. Three representative profiles were excavated in the study area and soil samples were taken based on soil horizons. Additionally, soil samples were taken at the different depths in each profile for radiocarbon dating. Accretion rates changed between 1.40 and 1.69 mm year(-1) to C-14 measurements. Radiocarbon ages ranged between 365 +/- 90 and 195 +/- 50 years depending on sampling depth. Profile I was Sapric Haplohemist, profile II was Hydric Haplohemist and profile III was Typic Haplosaprist. Soil properties varied widely depending on the profiles. Fibre contents were between 9.4% and 34.7% due to degree of organic matter decomposition. pH and ECe values varied between 4.20-6.62 and 0.51-2.50 dS m(-1), respectively. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 100 to 140 cmol kg(-1). Total nitrogen and phosphorus ranged from 0.78% to 1.82% and from 0.45% to 1.03%, respectively. Total calcium contents were between 1.44% to 3.25%, and magnesium contents varied from 0.22 to 0.71%. Both nutrients were higher in the surface horizons of profiles land II. Total Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B contents varied considerably among profiles. It was found that total amounts of Fe, Zn, Cu and B in samples were between 4660-16220 mg kg(-1), 89-451 mg kg(-1), 16-57 mg kg(-1), 3-11 mg kg(-1) and 12-37 mg kg(-1), respectively. Cr, Ni and Pb contents in peat samples were 22-55 mg kg(-1), 24-58 mg kg(-1), and 3-93 mg kg(-1), respectively. However, there was no Cd and Hg detected. It was observed that seasonal ground water fluctuations, eutrophic formation and differences in decomposition degrees have a substantial effect on changing of morphological and chemical properties of organic soils in the study area. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Oestrous Synchronization With Progesterone Impregnated Device and Prostaglandin F2? Both Combined With Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Transitional Mares
    (2000) Ataman, Mehmet Bozkurt; Günay, A.; Günay, Ü.; Baran, A.; Uzman, M.
    The objective of this trial was to determine the efficacy of the progesterone removal inserted device (PRID) and PGF2? analoque treatments combined with hCG administration on fertility in transitional mares. A total of forty-five thoroughbred mares were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into three groups. Progesterone-impregnated vaginal devices (PRID) were inserted into anterior vagina of the mares of the first group (n = 15). The devices were replaced on day 7 and removed on day 14. D-cloprostenol (0.075 nig) was intramuscularly injected two times at a 14-day interval in the second group (n = 15). Two milliliters of serum physiologic were intramuscularly injected two times at a 14-day interval in the third group (Control, n = 15). After injections and removal of progesterone-impregnated vaginal devices (PRID), the œstrous cycle of each mare was followed through teasing, palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography. After the detection of œstrous, hCG (3000 IU) was intravenously injected to the mares of the first and second groups on the 4th day of œstrus. Follicles were monitored every 12 hours with ultrasonography until the ovulation occurred. Mares were mated naturally every other day beginning from 84 hours after detection of estrous until the end of estrous. Pregnant mares were determined with ultrasonography on day 20 after the last mating. There was a statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups I and III and also II and III, for the œstrus, ovulation, pregnancy rates, ovulation time, œstrus duration and mating number required per conception, respectively. In conclusion, both progesterone impregnated device combined with human chorionic gonadotropin and PGF2? combined with human chorionic gonadotropin applications were effective to induce œstrous and ovulation in transitional mares.