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    Neural Model for the Leaching of Celestite in Sodium Carbonate Solution
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2010) Bingöl, Deniz; Aydoğan, Salih; Gültekin, S. Sinan
    A neural model for computing the conversion kinetics of SrSO(4) to SrCO(3) was investigated in sodium carbonate solution, based on the multilayered perceptrons was presented. For this purpose the artificial neural network (ANN) method was used. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, mole ratio Na(2)CO(3):SrSO(4) and particle size of the celestite on leaching kinetics were studied. The surface transformation of celestite to strontium carbonate in aqueous carbonate solutions was also supported by FT-IR spectroscopy. The conversion rate of celestite increases systematically with increasing temperature (up to 70 degrees C). Furthermore, the feasibility of replacing the SO(4)(2-) ions with CO(3)(2-) ions in the structure of the leached solid was also investigated by FT-IR. FT-IR results showed that the replacement of SO(4)(2-) ions in celestite by CO(3)(2-) ions in leaching conditions was nearly completed at 60 degrees C with a mole ratio Na(2)CO(3):SrSO(4) = 4:1, solid to liquid =5:500, -212+106 mu m particle size, and 400 rpm stirring rate for an interval of 240 min. The first (up to 90 min) conversion result obtained was trained with an extended delta-bar-delta algorithm (EDBD), which is in the multilayered perceptions and is a neural model structure. Results of other conversion times (90-240 min) results were predicted. Results predicted by the neural model were in very good agreement with the experimental results.
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    Optimization of the Wet Mechanochemical Process Conditions of SrSO4 to SrCO3 and (NH4)(2)SO4 by Using Response Surface Methodology
    (SPRINGER, 2012) Bingöl, Deniz; Aydoğan, Salih; Karayünlü Bozbaş, Seda
    The wet mechanochemical process was optimized for insoluble SrCO3 and soluble (NH4)(2)SO4 formation from celestite (SrSO4)-(NH4)(2)CO3-H2O mixtures in a planetary ball mill by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The products formed during wet milling were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For converting to SrCO3 of celestite (SrSO4) and to (NH4)(2)SO4 of (NH4)(2)CO3, a hydrometallurgical process optimization via the wet mechanochemical conversion using (NH4)(2)CO3 was developed the first time in this work using response surface methodology. The wet mechanochemical conversion was carried out by varying ball to grinding material mass ratio, (NH4)(2)CO3 to SrSO4 mole ratio and the rotational speed of mill in a planetary mill. Under the optimum experimental conditions (9.24 of ball to grinding material mass ratio, 1.86 of (NH4)(2)CO3 to SrSO4 mole ratio and 400 rpm of the rotational speed of mill), the conversion of SrCO3 was 99.08 pct. The (NH4)(2)SO4 obtained as byproduct was crystallized.
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    Production of SrCO3 and (NH4)(2)SO4 by the Dry Mechanochemical Processing of Celestite
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2012) Bingöl, Deniz; Aydoğan, Salih; Karayünlü Bozbaş, Seda
    A SrCO3 formation starting from activated SrSO4-(NH4)(2)CO3 mixtures as a result of dry mechanochemical treatment for 180 min in a planetary ball mill of celestite together with (NH4)(2)CO3 was studied. The phases that formed during milling were successfully characterized by X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical analysis. A novel hydrometallurgical process to convert both SrCO3 (product) and (NH4)(2)SO4 (by-product) from celestite via dry mechanochemical conversion with (NH4)(2)CO3 was developed for the first time in this work. Under optimum conditions, the conversion of SrCO3 was 98.1%. The (NH4)(2)SO4 leach solution was crystallized.
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    Wet mechanochemical processing of celestine using (NH4)2CO3
    (2017) Bingöl, Deniz; Aydoğan, Salih; Bozbaş, Seda Karayünlü
    In this study, traditional (univariate) method of processing to the wet mechanochemical treatment were applied toobtain both SrCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 from celestite (SrSO4)-(NH4)2CO3-H2O mixtures in a planetary ball mill. X-raydiffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis were usedto analyze products formed during wet milling. A hydrometallurgical process was carried out to examine milling time,ball to grinding material mass ratio, (NH4)2CO3 to SrSO4 mole ratio and rotational speed of the mill in a planetary mill.Under optimum conditions, a conversion approaching 100% of SrCO3 was obtained.