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    Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Fe Acquisition in Peach (Prunus Persica L) Under Calcareous Soil Conditions
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Arikan, Seyma; Esitken, Ahmet; Ipek, Muzaffer; Aras, Servet; Sahin, Murat; Pirlak, Lutfi; Donmez, Mesude Figen
    The effects of Alcaligenes 637Ca, Agrobacterium A18, Staphylococcus MFDCa1, MFDCa2, Bacillus M3 and Pantoea FF1 were tested on peach cv. Elegant Lady' on GF677 and Nemaguard rootstocks. Average increases in citric, malic, oxalic, butyric and fumaric acid in the leaf were obtained from rhizobacterial root inoculations of 33.1, 17.5, 21.7, 26.5, and 44.7% in Elegant Lady/Nemaguard, respectively. FF1 showed the highest FC-R activity in the roots of Nemaguard (112.4nmolFWgr(-1)hr(-2)) and GF677 (162nmolFWgr(-1)hr(-2)). The highest FC-R activity in the leaf was with MFDCa2 in Elegant Lady/Nemaguard (57.1nmolFWgr(-1)hr(-2)) and 637Ca in Elegant Lady/GF677 (87.9nmolFWgr(-1)hr(-2)). PGPR strains used in this study expressed increased leaf organic acid content, FC-R activity in the roots and leaf, increased active Fe content in the leaf, and possessed a great potential for the improvement of iron availability to plants.
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    Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced leaf organic acids, FC-R activity and Fe nutrition of apple under lime soil conditions
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2018) Aras, Servet; Arikan, Seyma; Ipek, Muzaffer; Esitken, Ahmet; Pirlak, Lutfi; Donmez, Mesude Figen; Turan, Metin
    Iron chlorosis in the calcareous soils is one most important stress factors worldwide that limits photosynthesis and decreases fruit yield and quality. Certain soil rhizobacteria produce organic compounds such as plant acids and they may reduce the soil rhizosphere pH and affect ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity in root. However, there is no knowledge regarding changes in organic acids content and FC-R activities of leaf due to rhizobacterial root inoculation. Therefore, the efficiency of six plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were tested on apple cv. Braeburn on M9 and MM106 rootstocks. The results of the experiment showed leaf organic acid contents, iron quantity of soil, root and leaf and root and leaf FC-R activity were significantly affected via rhizobacteria applications in apple plants. In MM106 and M9, there was a remarkable increase in Fe in M3 inoculated soil by 95 and 89%, respectively, compared to control. Average increases in citric, malic, malonic, butyric and lactic acid in the leaf were obtained from rhizobacterial root inoculations of 25.1, 21.8, 29.6, 18.0 and 18.2% in Braeburn/MM106, respectively. In Braeburn/M9, MFDCa1 application increased all organic acid concentrations compared to the control. MFDCa2 treatment caused the maximum leaf FC-R activity in Braeburn on M9 and MM106 (60.9 and 50.3 nmol Fe+2 g(-1) FW h(-1), respectively) while the least values were determined in the control (33.5 and 29.9 nmol Fe+2 g(-1) FW h(-1), respectively). This study showed the bacterial strains tested in our study may be used as a biofertilizer instead of Fe fertilizers.
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    Root plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculations increase ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity and Fe nutrition in pear under calcareous soil conditions
    (ELSEVIER, 2017) Ipek, Muzaffer; Aras, Servet; Arikan, Seyma; Esitken, Ahmet; Pirlak, Lutfi; Donmez, Mesude Figen; Turan, Metin
    Iron deficiency occurring in calcareous soil is a problem in various plants. It is well known that some soil bacteria can release organic acids that can decrease the pH of the soil rhizosphere. However, there have been no attempts to study the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including organic acid releasing bacteria, on the organic acid contents of the leaf and FC-R activity in the roots and leaves under calcareous soil conditions. Therefore, pear plants were inoculated with 6 bacterial strains with the aim of acquiring iron under calcareous conditions. Uniform 1-year-old pear cv. Deveci sapling grafted on BA-29 and OHF-333 rootstocks were planted in plastic pots containing 10 L of loamy soil at 29.6% CaCO3. All bacteria were applied to the roots as an inoculation before planting. The root and leaf Fe content, FC-R activity, leaf organic acids, and soil Fe content were compared in the Alcaligenes 637Ca, Agrobacterium A18, Staphylococcus MFDCa1, MFDCa2, Bacillus M3 and Pantoea FF1 strains. The study showed that the leaf organic acid content and the Fe content in the soil, root and leaf were significantly affected by the bacterial treatments in pear plants. It was determined that the total and active Fe in the leaf was higher in OHF-333 compared to BA-29 by 7% and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, the leaf FC-R activity of Deveci on OHF-333 was 8% higher than that on BA-29. In the Deveci/BA-29 plants, the 637Ca treatment had the highest root FC-R activity value (107 nmol Fe+2 gr(-1) FW h(-2)). The highest leaf FC-R activity value was obtained from the MFDCa1, MFDCa2 and FF1 treatments (58.4, 56.3 and 55.7 nmol Fe+2 gr(-1) FWh(-2), respectively). The bacterial strains used in the present study have an important potential to be used as a biofertilizer to replace the use of iron fertilizers. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.