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Öğe Anaerobic treatment of Azo-dye under batch conditions(2007) Karatas M.; Dursun S.Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150 mgL-1 was 0.1751 h-1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained after 24 hour (99%) under batch experimental condition.Öğe Biodegradation of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from the waste gases by a packing materials column(2006) Dursun S.Many industrial processes and sewage treatment facilities produce odours, most of which are of decomposed sulphur compounds. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is a very toxic and corrosive gas, may be the standard indicator among the obnoxious odours and therefore the amount released into the air is required to be regulated strictly. Hydrogen sulphide was efficiently removed from contaminated air by a pilotscale bio-filter; a column prepared with soil, sawdust and activated sludge materials from the leather industry was used for preparation of a biodegradation unit. The biodegradation unit was used under several working conditions which were designed for 48 h repetition intervals, with different H2S concentrations, loading rate increased from 10 to 100 mg m-3 and different gas flow rates (25, 50 and 75 m s-1). The removal efficiencies of the biodegradation unit were measured mainly from the outflow concentrations and degradation activity. The main by-product obtained in the biodegradation process was sulphate in the drainage water, as it accounted for more than 90% of the total sulphur compound decomposed in the packing material. Sulphate removal from the system was carried out by drainage water during the operation periods. In the recent study, about 100% H2S removal was found at lower gas flow rates by the biologically produced reactor. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe The decolorization of azo dye Reactive Black 5 in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic system [Ardışık anaerobik - Aerobik sistemde Reaktif Siyah 5 azo boyasının renk giderimi](Cevkor Vakfi, 2010) Karataş M.; Dursun S.; Argun M.E.The potential of the sequential anaerobic-aerobic system for decolorization of azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) was investigated in this study. The synthetic wastewater contained 150 mg/L dye and 3000 mg/L glucose- COD. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and continuously stirred aerobic reactors (CSAR) were used to the remove color and COD. The methane gas production efficiencies were also investigated under the anaerobic conditions. The UASB - CSAR were operated at different organic loading rates (OLR= 2.4-22.5 kg COD/m3.day) and hydraulic retention times (HRT= 3.2-30.1 h). The COD removal efficiencies decreased from 61 to 36.7% with increases in organic loadings from 2.4 to 22.5 kg COD/m3.day in the anaerobic UASB reactor. The color removals decrease from 99.8 to 90.7% when the HRT decreased from 30.1 to 3.2 hours. The methane production efficiencies obtained were 75 and 38.3% at the organic loading rates of 2.4 and 22.5 kg COD/m3.day respectively, in the anaerobic reactor. The effects of both sludge retention times (SRT) and the food to mass (F/M) ratio on the COD removal efficiencies was investigated in the aerobic reactor. COD removal efficiencies of 62.2 and 86.3% were obtained at 2 and 19 days SRT in the aerobic reactor. The COD removal efficiencies were found to be 86.3 and 62.2% at F/M ratios of 0.112 and 1.569 kgCOD/kgMLSS.day. The color and COD removal efficiencies obtained were 99.8% and 95% by using 150 mg/L of RB 5 dye concentration in the sequential anaerobic-aerobic reactor.Öğe Determination of groundwater pollution status around Konya main discharge canal(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2014) Mucevher O.; Dursun S.; Duyan K.; Kucukasci E.; Kirtis F.; Gungor C.Konya Closed Basin is one of the largest basins in Turkey that takes minimum precipitation in the country. The current direction of underground water and surface waters of the basin is towards Salt Lake. Treated and untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from the city, solid waste leachate and surface water are going to Salt Lake via Konya Main Discharge Canal. The underground water level has been dropped as a result of climate change, drought, and excessive withdrawal of groundwater in recent years. This decline has caused a rapid degradation of the quality of groundwater, which in turn has deteriorated the irrigated soil by this water. Moreover, the annual drought index is at the most critical level in this arid and semi-arid region, which is seriously threatened by desertification due to an increase in temperature and evaporation resulting from climate change. Groundwater pollution is generally caused by domestic and industrial wastes and agricultural activities. Cleaning process of the contaminated groundwater is very difficult and costly. Therefore, for the protection of groundwater resources; monitoring in frequent periods and taking the necessary measures without delay is vitally important. Samples must be obtained from the observation wells for chemical analysis for the assessment, interpretation and monitoring of groundwater. As a preliminary study, in June 2012, water samples were taken from groundwater wells in 3 different locations, namely Yazibelen, Çengilti, and Tatlicak, which are in the vicinity of the first 50 km pipeline of Konya Main Drain Canal, where underground water is thought to be most contaminated in Konya Closed Basin. Samples obtained were analysed in Konya KOSKI Drinking Water Laboratory and measurement results were evaluated to see the quality of drinking water and agricultural irrigation water quality.Öğe Determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Konya city(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2014) Dursun S.; Ucan Köysüren H.N.Human nutrition on the world was affected with increasing population and environment pollution. It is continuously rising with irrigation, better cultivation of lands, seed improvement, and fertilization. However, a significant amount of yield is destroyed by harmful plants, animals, and microorganisms both before and after the harvest. Among the genetic, biotechnical, mechanic and chemical methods used to protect agricultural products from illnesses and pests not only in-production but also in storing, transporting, processing, marketing and consumption, the chemical methods are the most efficient ones. These chemicals which mix with surface and ground waters accumulate in the bodies of water organisms and go into the food chain of human beings. Konya is named as granary for Turkey with the biggest land side for agriculture. The biggest land mean is the largest amount of pesticide usage. It is really necessary to know the pesticide residue in nutrition. In this study, it has been investigated the amount of pesticide accumulation in the fruit (18 types) and vegetable (24 types) samples. Levels of pesticides were at the concentration of internationally tolerable levels. Therefore, in this study, the levels of pesticide remains in fruits and vegetables sold in Konya public bazaar were investigated.Öğe Determination of readily biodegradable cod (Ss) in domestic wastewater(2006) Güçlü D.; Dursun S.At present, there is a lot of interest in the use of dynamic simulation for optimization and operation of wastewater treatment plants. For this purpose, different mathematical models are used. Development of these models requires a complicated conceptual approach. It involves identification of all carbonaceous and nitrogenous components. The Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) presented by the IAWQ Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes is generally accepted as state-of-the-art and is used for simulation of wastewater treatment plants in many studies. In this study, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements with domestic wastewater were carried out in batch reactors for the estimation of readily biodegradable COD (Ss) fraction involved in ASM1. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe Di?stri?buti?on of some pesti?ci?de resi?dues i?n the vegetable and frui?t samples collected from Konya local bazaars i?n Turkey(2006) Nagehan Ucan H.; Gur K.; Dursun S.Different kinds of pesticide are used for protection of plant from different pests which are bacteria, insects, fungi, nematotes, worm's etc. Generally they give some advantage farmers' plant production, but they also have some important disadvantage with their residues on plant materials. Farmers mostly apply pesticides higher than the needed levels to quarantive the higher production. They sometime use the pesticides later than deformation period. This time some residue chemicals may still be on the application surface. Literature investigations showed that low concentration of pesticides have hazardous effect on human health. These compound may affect acute or chronically with increasing levels in some tissue of the body. Some of pesticide residues were found in fish samples which the pesticide were used during The Second World War. They could increase with usage of these compound by the non-control applications in the soil and food chain. In our study, 9 vegetables and 5 fruits sample were collected from the local bazaar of Konya city centre in Turkey. Konya is very important place for farm products in Turkey. This investigation is still continuing and more results will be found during product period of 2006. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe Effect of NaOH on a natural adsorbent modification: Lead removal(2007) Argun M.E.; Dursun S.This paper describes removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NaOH modified pine barks (Pinus nigra). Chemical modification and its enhancement effect on adsorption capacity for heavy metal treatment process have been investigated in this article. Changes of the surface properties after modification were examined by the FT-IR analysis. Maximum adsorption capacity was 49 mg/g at pH 8 and during about 180 min contact time (for 35 mg/L initial concentration with 2.5 g/L solid-toliquid ratio) These modification processes also decreased soluble organic compounds from pine barks leading to increase in chemical oxygen demand in water. Adsorption capacities of adsorbents increased quietly as a result of modification according increase of adsorbent surface activity.Öğe Error checking of input data for web based design calculations of wastewater treatment plant(2007) Dogan S.; Dursun S.Wastewater treatment plant design calculation is complex and time-consuming task. The person who is in charge of calculations should be sure about the criterias about the unit to be sized and should use appropriate inputs. Vital point of design is generally using the best input within the range to have more sensible results. Web based design calculations of wastewater treatment plant software has been coded. PHP and JavaScript languages have been used to achieve these advantages. With the aid of error checking, the calculations would be performed within a couple of minutes which the same calculations might be resulted in hours manually.Öğe Heavy metal (Cu2+) removal from industrial water using clinoptilolite(2007) Dursun S.; Emin Argun M.; Celik N.; Kunt F.Heavy metal pollution is very important problem in waste water pollution around industrial area. Cupper has been used in many industries with civilisation period and a lot of water sources were contaminated by dissolved component of cupper metal. It has incredible effect on the micro-organisms and also other living organisms in water environment. For this reason, copper content of industrial wastewater must be decreased to the limits given in the international regulations. There are many methods may be used for heavy metal removal from the industrial wastes. One of these methods is adsorption of the heavy metals by natural zeolites. Clinoptilolite is a natural zeolite which exist surround in Turkey. It is adsorption capacity for the copper (II) ions from artificial polluted water was investigated in this study. During the experimental studies, some pre-applications were done on the clinoptilolite mineral to give maximum adsorption capacity. Experimental studies were applied under batch condition at different pH values, temperatures and shaking speeds etc. Maximum efficiencies were found at pH condition about 5, temperature about 30°C and stirring speed 200 rpm.Öğe Industrial heavy metal pollution and hazardous effects on ecology: Waste management perspective(2006) Argun M.E.; Dursun S.; Özdemir C.; Karataş M.In this article, pollution of ecological systems with heavy metals and their hazardous effects were investigated as a view of waste management. Several industries from mining to electroplating produce large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals. These wastewater cause accumulation of heavy metals through ecological circle in soil, plants and animals which directly enter human food chains presenting a high hazardous effect on consumers. They may cause severe damage of the kidney, reproductive system, liver, brain and central nervous system. Some of these heavy metals are Cd+2, Cu+2, Ni+2, Cr+6, Pb+2, Zn+2, As+2, and Hg+2. They also inhibit the biological treatment systems. These pollutants are special requirement for the disposal procedure. In this context heavy metal treatment processes have been also examined in this article. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe Investigation of heavy metals in main wastewater system of Konya and determination of accumulation on soil and plants(2006) Karatas M.; Dursun S.; Ozdemir C.; Argun M.E.Heavy metals in wastewater are quite important because of being toxic effect for public health. Wastewaters that contain heavy metals are generally caused by industries discharged, either after primary treatment or even no-treatment farmers in Konya use wastewater for irrigation that discharged into canal. This causes soil pollution also decreases plant quality. Heavy metals can reach to humans and animals and causes toxic effects through food-chain. The aim of this study is determining heavy metal accumulation on soils and plants that were irrigated by Konya main sewage system waters. Water and soil samples have been taken and heavy metal concentration analysed for six months time period and three months for plant samples. As the result of this study, heavy metal concentration in soil was higher than canal water. Heavy metal concentrations in wheat dose not reach to toxic affect level. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe Investigation of microbial pollution of some vegetable samples collected from of Konya city markets in Turkey(2007) Ucan H.N.; Gur K.; Dursun S.Metropolitan city of Konya has the important agricultural activity. For this reason, it has been named "food store of Anatolia" as far as agricultural production is concerned. Many towns around Konya have to draw waters, for irrigation, from lower quality sources including municipal wastewaters. With the application to land of large volumes of minimally pretreated wastewater, it is evident that considerable potential for adverse health effects exists. Microbiological pollution could occur from food crop contamination, pathogen-laden aerosols, ground water pollution or surface water pollution. The study was carried out with the principal objective to investigate bacteria as an indicator of microbiological pollution in vegetables collected from public markets of three central towns in the province of Konya. The work was conducted many specimens representing different varieties of vegetable samples taken from the main public markets city centre.Öğe Modelling of SO2 concentrations using artificial neural networks(2006) Dursun S.; Guclu D.; Celebi F.; Yilmaz N.Modelling of air pollution parameters, according to the meteorological data is a necessary for preventing the repetition of same problems. During recent years, neural network-based models have been shown to be powerful tools in the simulation of variations in air quality and provide better alternative to statistical models because of their computational efficiency and generalization ability. In this study, prediction of future daily SO2 concentrations in Konya (Turkey) using MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) artificial neural networks trained with the back-propagation algorithm, which uses gradient descent optimization for error reduction was employed by taking into account meteorological parameters and SO2 (sulphur dioxide) concentrations obtained for two years period from 2003 to 2004. The appropriate architecture of the neural network models was determined through several steps of trainings and testing of the models. The results illustrated that artificial neural networks offer a valuable method for air pollution management. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe Removal of cod wi?th dichloromethane and tetrachlori?neethylene in the up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors (UASB)(2006) Ozdemir C.; Dursun S.; Şen N.Low concentration of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arisen from these type sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)'s could be removed by adsorption, incineration or biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages with low removal efficiency or high operation cost. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by biological methods at anaerobic conditions. The aim of this research was investigation of biological treatment of VOC's in high flow speed reactors. Resistance capacity of micro-organisms was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors (UASB) designed with automate control system by feeding with addition co-substrate, loading different ratio of organic matter, hydraulic retention time (HRT), at stable condition of COD, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, alkalinity, temperature (35C°) etc. during the anaerobic treatment. In this research, the removal of DCM and PCE were approximately 60-70% and 98%. The removal of COD for DCM and PCE were approximately 75.5% and 97.4%. The decomposition ratios were calculated for DCM and PCE as 0.136 mg /gVSS.d and 0.305 mg /gVSS.d respectively. The highest methane ratio in the biogas production was 64% with DCM decomposition. Also inhibition concentrations for DCM and PCE (IC) in 24 hour were determinated as IC50; 42.6 and IC25; 16.8 and IC50; 24.9 and IC25; 6.7. The highest methane ratios in the obtained biogas were 64% for DCM, 82.8% for PCE. © 2006. International Scientific Conference SGEM.Öğe The removal of heavy metal ions from the aquatic environment by modified apricot kernel shells [Sucul ortamdan a?ir metal iyonlarinin modifiye edilmiş kayisi çekirdegcaron;i kabugcaron;u ile giderimi](2013) Köysüren H.N.; Dursun S.The removal of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions using chemically modified apricot kernel shells (P. armeniaca L.) was investigated in this research. Chemical modification methods effects on the adsorption capacity improvement for removal of heavy metals have been investigated. Structures of apricot kernel shells materials before and after modifications was examined by the FTIR and SEM analyses. HCl, NaOH and Fenton reactives were used for the modification processes. The investigation of kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were also studied for HCl, NaOH and Fenton modified apricot kernel shells The rejeneration processes were studied for the determination of apricot kernel shells' reusability after the adsorption processes. Additional costs for applied modification processes were calculated and they were compared with the classical methods. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) residues in treated water by raw apricot kernel shells materials decreased from 910-1430 mg/L to 10-90 mg/L with the modification processes. The removal efficiencies changed with heavy metal concentration in water sample and increased up to 92% for apricot kernel shells materials. The adsorption capacities were found between 1 mg/g and 90 mg/g according to type of adsorbent and modification methods. As a result, it was revealed that adsorption capacities and costs of apricot kernel shells were compatible with conventional adsorbents.Öğe Use of natural zeolites for lead pollution removal from water(2007) Dursun S.; Pala A.A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carried out at different temperature values, and the maximum efficiency was obtained at 30°C. The efficiency obtained under these conditions was 89.95%. The highest lead removal efficiency was obtained with 200 rpm shaking speed.
