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Cryobiology [Kriobiyoloji]
(2000) Aktan, Tahsin Murad; Çıray, N.; Tosun, M.; Duman, S.; Erdoğan, E.
By the advances and understandings in physics and mammalian cell biology, cryobiology makes us able to store our valuable biological materials and use them when wanted. The spectrum of materials is wide-spread from haploid gamete cells to cells processed via genetic engineering. The main tissues properly cryopreserved are skin grafts, cornea, tendon, bone, heart valve and bone marrow. It is important to know the basic mechanisms of freezing a biological specimen. The effects of mechanical damage caused by ice crystallisation and deleterious hyperosmotic medium must all be considered. To support cells during freezing temperatures, cryoprotectants have been searched. A proper freezing protocol needs effective seeding for preventing ice damage. The best indicator for a proper freezing protocol is a high post thaw viability rate. Also it is important to be careful while handling liquid nitrogen. Cryobiology can help diverse medical applications for example by the help of magnetic resonance imaging cancerous tissues can be treated. There are also some alternatives for cryobiology as anhydrobiology and vitrification. In this article the basic aspects of cryobiology are mentioned.