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Öğe Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of essential oils from selected Umbelliferae and Labiatae plants and individual essential oil components(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2012) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Ozcelik, Berrin; Kartal, Murat; Kan, YukselThe essential oils obtained from Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare collected at fully-mature and flowering stages, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum (green- and purple-leaf varieties), Origanum onites, O. vulgare, O. munitiflorum, O. majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Satureja cuneifolia, as well as the widely encountered components in essential oils (gamma-terpinene, 4-allylanisole, (-)-carvone, dihydrocarvone, D-limonene, (-)-phencone, cuminyl alcohol, cuminyl aldehyde, cuminol, trans-anethole, camphene, isoborneol, (-)-borneol, L-bornyl acetate, 2-decanol, 2-heptanol, methylheptane, farnesol, nerol, isopulegol, citral, citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, geranyl ester, linalool, linalyl oxide, linalyl ester, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, piperitone, (-)-menthol, isomenthone, carvacrol, thymol, vanillin, and eugenol), were screened for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3). Cytotoxicity was expressed as cytopathogenic effect. Most of the oils and compounds displayed strong antiviral effects against HSV-1, ranging between 0.8 and 0.025 mu g mL(-1). However, the samples tested were less effective against PI-3, with results ranging between 1.6 and 0.2 mu g mL(-1). The essential oil of A. graveolens was the-most active. Most of the tested oils and compounds exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal effects.Öğe Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish Salvia species(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2007) Orhan, Ilkay; Kartal, Murat; Naz, Qamar; Ejaz, Asma; Yilmaz, Gulderen; Kan, Yuksel; Konuklugil, BelmaSince Salvia species (Lamiaceae) have been recorded to be used against memory loss in European folk medicine, we herein examined in vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of 56 extracts prepared with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol obtained from 14 Salvia species (Salvia albimaculata Hedge and Hub, Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss and Heldr, Salvia candidissima Vahl. ssp. occidentalis, Salvia ceratophylla L., Salvia cryptantha Montbret and Bentham, Salvia cyanescens Boiss and Bal., Salvia frigida Boiss, Salvia forskahlei L., Salvia halophilaHedge, Salvia migrostegia Boiss and Bal., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia syriaca L., Salvia verticillata L. ssp. amasiaca) growing in Turkey. The antioxidant activities were assessed by both chemical and enzymatic methods against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XO) system generated superoxide anion radical inhibition. Anticholinesterase effect of the extracts was tested against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at concentrations of 0.2 and 1 mg/ml using a microplate-reader assay based on the Ellman method. Most of the extracts did not show any activity against AChE at 0.2 mg/ml, while the chloroform extracts had noticeable inhibition against BChE between 47.7% and 74.7%. The most active extracts at I mg/ml for AChE inhibition were observed to be petroleum ether extract of Salvia albimaculata (89.4%) and chloroform extract of Salvia cyanescens (80.2%), whereas ethyl acetate extracts of Salvia frigida and Salvia migrostegia, chloroform extracts of Salvia candidissima ssp. occidentalis and Salvia ceratophylla, as well as petroleum ether extract of Salvia cyanescens were found to inhibit potently BChE (92.2%, 89.6%, 91.1%, 91.3%, and 91.8%, respectively). Particularly, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were observed to be highly active against both DPPH and XO. Our data indicates that nonpolar extracts of Salvia species for anticholinesterase activity and the polar extracts for antioxidant activity are worth further phytochemical evaluation for identifying their active components. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic secondary metabolites from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and elucidation of their mechanisms of action(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Cevik, Dicle; Yilmazgoz, S. Burcin; Kan, Yuksel; Guzelcan, Ece Akhan; Durmaz, Irem; Cetin-Atalay, Rengul; Kirmizibekmez, HasanLicorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is one of the most widely used plants worldwide for its various pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to isolate the potential cytotoxic secondary metabolites from the MeOH extract prepared from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra through bioactivity-guided isolation procedure and to elucidate their mechanisms of action. The crude MeOH extract as well as CHCl3 and EtOAc subextracts significantly inhibited cell proliferation on hepatocelullar (Huh7), breast (MCF7) and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 5.6 to 33.6 mu g/mL. Chromatographic seperations of the CHCl3 and EtOAc subextracts yielded 13 secondary metabolites. Structures were characterized based on NMR and MS data. Amongst isolates, glabridin (1), 4'-O-methylglabridin (2), beta-amyrin (3), kanzonol U (4), glabrene (7) and tet-rahydroxymethoxychalcone (10) were established to be responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity of G. glabra, exerting the best activity particularly against Huh7 cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 2 and 7 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis by increasing cytochrome C release and subsequently cleaved caspase-9 level in Huh7 cells. Moreover, both compounds decreased pRb and p21 levels and thus induced the accumulation of Huh-7 cells in subG(1) and G(2)/M phases. Compound 10 which displayed the most potent activity in Hoechst staining and cell cycle assays through G(2)/M arrest, caused cell death by apoptosis in Huh7 cells.Öğe Effect of St.John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) oily extract for the care and treatment of pressure sores; a case report(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2017) Yucel, Ali; Kan, Yuksel; Yesilada, Erdem; Akin, OnatEthnopharmacological relevance: Topical formulations such as oily extracts or ointments prepared with the flowering aerial parts of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericaceae) have been used in the management of a wide range dermatological problems including superficial wounds and burns, bruises, contusions and many others in the worldwide traditional medicines. Aim of the study: This is the first case study reporting the beneficial effects of an oily extract of St. John's wort in the treatment of pressure sores in a intensive care unit (ICU) patient. Material and methods: The oily extract of St. John's wort was applied to a volunteer patient at ICU daily for forty successive days for wound care and treatment. Healing status was monitored macroscopically by measuring the wound size and stages at certain intervals as well as histopathological evaluation of the tissue sections taken at the initial and final dates of treatment. Results: Evaluation of the results obtained from the macroscopical and histopathological experimentation have shown that oily extract of St. John's wort provided significant efficacy for the treatment of pressure sore wounds. Conclusion: St. John's wort oily extract may be suggested as a cost-effective option for the prevention or treatment of pressure sores in ICU patients.Öğe The Essential Oil Compositions of Origanum majorana L. Cultivated in Konya and Collected from Mersin-Turkey(ASSOC PHARMACEUTICAL TEACHERS INDIA, 2017) Bagci, Yavuz; Kan, Yuksel; Dogu, Suleyman; Celik, Sadiye AysePurpose: In this study, essential oil (EO) compositions of the dried and fresh aerial parts of Origanum majorana cultivated in the research field and collected from f from Mersin was investigated. Material and Methods: EO was distilled by using Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and the chemical compositions were detected in GC-MS. While, the oil yields of the the collected marjoram was determined to be 2,5 ml both in dried and fresh aerial parts, the yields of the cultivated plants for fresh and dried parts were 3.6 ml and 5 ml, respectively. The cultivation of the plant had positive effects on the EO yield. Drying of the material also increased the oil yield in the cultivated marjoram. Results: While there were 42 and 35 of EO components were observed in the fresh and dried parts of the collected marjoram, respectively; in the cultivated plants there were 30 and 40 components detected. Besides EO yields, in this research the differences with respect to composition and components were determined between the cultivated and collected plants. On the other hand, in this study, it was determined that the EO compositions varied with respect to be fresh or dry of the plant parts. It was observed that carvacrol and linalool were the major EO contents. Conclusion: The aim of the study to compare of differences between the EO compounds and compositions varied according to be the plant fresh or dry and collected or cultivated.Öğe The Essential Oil Compositions of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Cultivated in Konya and Collected from Mersin-Turkey(ASSOC PHARMACEUTICAL TEACHERS INDIA, 2017) Bagci, Yavuz; Kan, Yuksel; Dogu, Suleyman; Celik, Sadiye AysePurpose: In this research, essential oil (EO) compositions of the dried and fresh aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis cultivated in the reearch field in Selcuk University Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department Area in Konya and collected from Mersin was investigated. Material and Methods: EO was distilled by using Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and the chemical compositions were detected in GC-MS. Results: Although, the oil yields of the collected rosemary was determined to be 0.4 ml (in fresh) and 0.6 ml (in dried) aerial parts, the yields of the cultivated plants for fresh and dried parts were 0.32 ml (in fresh) and 0.9 ml (in dried), respectively. In this research the differences with respect to composition and components were determined between the cultivated and collected plants. On the other hand, in this study, it was also determined that the EO compositions varied with respect to be fresh or dry of the plant parts. While there were 67 and 55 of EO compositions were observed in the fresh and dried parts of the collected marjoram, respectively; in the cultivated plants there were 46 (in fresh) and 79 (in dried) components detected. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the major EO compositions were camphor, 1.8-cineole, borneol, a-pinene, linalool, verbenone, bornyl acetate, limonene and camphene. The objective of the study to detect the differences between the EO compositions varied according to be the plant fresh or dry and collected or cultivated.Öğe Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Wild and Cultivated Samples of Sage (Salvia fruticosa) by Activity-Guided Fractionation(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2011) Senol, Fatma Sezer; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Erdem, Sinem Aslan; Kartal, Murat; Sener, Bilge; Kan, Yuksel; Celep, FerhatIn European folk medicine, Salvia species have traditionally been used to enhance memory. In our previous study of 55 Salvia taxa, we explored significant anticholinesterase activity of cultivated S. fruticosa. In this study, we compared the inhibitory activity of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of 3 wild-grown samples and 1 cultivated sample of S. fruticosa against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (which are associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease) by using the spectrophotometric Ellman method. Antioxidant activities were assessed by determining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, iron-chelating capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The dichloromethane extract of the cultivated sample was then subjected to fractionation by using open column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography to obtain the most active fraction by activity-guided fractionation. All fractions and subfractions were tested in the same manner, and inactive subfractions were discarded. The essential oil of the cultivated sample was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Öğe Immunomodulatory properties of various natural compounds and essential oils through modulation of human cellular immune response(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Mesaik, M. Ahmed; Jabeen, Almas; Kan, YukselRandomly selected essential oils and some terpene and phenolic derivatives were evaluated for their ability to modulate human cellular immune responses using various inflammatory parameters including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from whole blood phagocytes and isolated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), proliferation of T-cells, IL-2. and TNF-alpha cytokine production. The essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Saturea cuneifolia, and Origanum munitiflorum inhibited ROS produced from whole blood phagocytes, while thymol, carvacrol, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol glycoside potently inhibited the ROS production from whole blood as well as from isolated PMNs, among which caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol glycoside exhibited a better inhibitory effect than that of ibuprofen. The compounds rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol glycoside, genistein, and apigenin (IC50 7.0 +/- 0.5, <3.12, <3.12, 4.3 +/- 1.0, 5.8 +/- 0.5, and <3.12 mu g/mL) were found to exert potent inhibition on proliferation of T -cells. On the other hand, quercetin (IC50 2.9 +/- 0.3 mu g/mL) and apigenin (IC50 <1.0 mu g/mL), were also found to be the potent inhibitor of IL-2 cytokine. The essential oils of Mentha species, and compounds quercetin and apigenin were found to potently inhibit the production of pro inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. The results indicated that essential oils and phenolics might be considered as promising immunomodulatory agents. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Inhibitory Effects of Various Essential Oils and Individual Components against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Their Chemical Compositions(WILEY, 2011) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Ozcelik, Berrin; Kan, Yuksel; Kartal, MuratIn the current study, in vitro inhibitory activity of several essential oils obtained from the cultivated plants, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita and M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, O. onites, O. vulgare, Satureja cuneifolia, and a number of individual essential oil components of terpene and aromatic types were screened against 10 isolated strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme, which makes this microorganism quite resistant against the antibiotics: trimetoprime-sulfametoksazol, sulbactam-ampicilin, clavulonate-amoxicilin, ceftriaxon, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime, tobramicine, gentamisine, ofloxacin, and ciprofloksasin. All of the essential oils and the components exerted a remarkable inhibition ranging between 32 and 64 mu g/mL against all of these strains as strong as the references (ampicilin and oflaxocin) inhibiting at 32 mu g/mL. Besides, chemical compositions of the essential oils were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils and the pure components widely found in essential oils screened herein have shown remarkable inhibition against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains, which leads to the suggestion that they may be used as food preservatives for this purpose.Öğe Mechanisms of action of cytotoxic phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza iconica roots(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2019) Cevik, Dicle; Kan, Yuksel; Kirmizibekmez, HasanBackground: Glycyrrhiza (licorice) species are rich in bioactive secondary metabolites and their roots are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases. In recent years, secondary metabolites of licorice are gaining popularity, especially due to their significant cytotoxic and antitumor effects. However, Glycyrrhiza iconica, an endemic species to Turkey, was not investigated in terms of its anticancer secondary metabolites previously. Purpose: This study aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compounds from G. iconica through bioactivity-guided fractionation and to elucidate mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds. Methods: Total MeOH extract and CHCl3, EtOAc, n-buOH and rH(2)O subextracts were prepared from G. iconica roots. Sequential chromatographic techniques were conducted for the isolation studies. The chemical structures of the isolates were established based on NMR and HR-MS analysis. Sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of extracts, main fractions as well as isolates against hepatocellular (Huh7), breast (MCF7) and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines. The mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of the most active compounds in Huh7 cells were elucidated by using Hoechst staining, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and Western blot assays. Results: A new dihydrochalcone, iconichalcone (1) along with 15 known phenolic compounds were isolated from the active CHCl3, EtOAc and n-buOH subextracts. Compounds 2-5, 7-16 were found to be responsible for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of G. iconica against all tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 33 mu M. Amongst these compounds, licoricidin (10), dehydroglyasperin C (12), iconisoflaven (13) and 1-methoxyficifolinol (15) were found to be the most active compounds according to SRB and real time bioactivity assays and submitted to further mechanistic investigations in Huh7 cells. Compounds 10, 12, 13 and 15 caused accumulation of cells in different phases of cell cycle. Moreover, 10, 12, 13 and 15 induced apoptosis through caspase activation. Besides, 12 showed activation of p53 expression and thus G(2)/M arrest as well as a condensed nuclei, established very promising results. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the aforementioned compounds, particularly 12 could be potential lead molecules for anticancer drug development that deserve further in vivo and clinical investigations.Öğe Phytochemical contents and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) samples cultivated under organic and conventional agricultural conditions(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Senol, F. Sezer; Ozturk, Nilgun; Celik, Sadiye Ayse; Pulur, Aysen; Kan, YukselInhibitory effect of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts from Anethum graveolens L. (dill) cultivated under organic (AG-O) and conventional (AG-C) conditions was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase at 200 mu g mL(-1). Their antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays as well as ferric ion-chelation capacity, ferric-(FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP). The phytochemical analyses have been performed on both of the plant samples. GC-MS analysis pointed out that alpha-phellandrene was the main component in both of the essential oils in varying amounts (47.75% for AG-O and 27.94% for AG-C), while oleic acid was the dominant in the fruit oils of two samples (36.39% for AG-O and 53.87% for AG-C). HPLC analysis showed that both of the extracts contained rosmarinic acid as the major phenolic acid. The extracts inhibited BChE at moderate level, while the ethanol extracts exerted remarkable NO scavenging effect. The results emphasize that cultivation conditions may have effect on bioactivity and phytochemical content on plant samples. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Prenylated polyphenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza iconica and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Kirmizibekmez, Hasan; Uysal, Gorkem Berk; Masullo, Milena; Demirci, Fatih; Bagci, Yavuz; Kan, Yuksel; Piacente, SoniaA new prenylated isoflavan, iconisoflavan (1), and a new prenylated isoflav-3-ene, iconisoflaven (2) were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza iconica together with four known ones namely (3S)-licoricidin (3), licorisoflavan A (4), topazolin (5) and glycycoumarin (6). The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-MS. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of compounds 1,3 and 4 were established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All the isolated compounds (1-6) were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against five pathogenic bacteria and one yeast (Candida albicans) using an in vitro microdilution method. Compounds 1 and 3-5 displayed significant activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 with MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 mu g/mL. Additionally, all compounds were screened for their in vitro free radical scavenging activities using an in vitro microdilution DPPH assay spectrofotometrically. The tested compounds exhibited IC50 values in the range of 0.18-0.56 mg/mL, suggesting an activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.07 mg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, the present study constitutes the first phytochemical and bioactivity investigation on G. iconica. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
