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    Chemical and biological approaches on nine fruit tree leaves collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Uysal, Şengül; Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Karataş, Şükrü
    The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of two extracts [methanolic and water] of nine different fruit tree leaves were assessed. The antioxidant activity of leaves was determined by ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power)assays. The enzyme inhibitory activity was evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Individual phenolic components were detected using HPLC-DAD (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector) technique. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compounds in the leaves. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined as 22.24-274.50 milligram gallic acid equivalents (mgGAE/g) and 4.93-46.99 milligram rutin equivalents (mgRE/g), respectively. A higher antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity was observed in pomegranate and carob extract as compared to other leaves. This study suggested that the leaves may be beneficial for preparing novel functional food ingredients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Fatty Acid Composition, Total Sugar Content and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Methanol and Water Extracts of Nine Different Fruit Tree Leaves Collected from Mediterranean Region of Turkey
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2015) Uysal, Şengül; Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Karataş, Şükrü
    In this research, the total sugar content, fatty acid compositions, and -amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanolic and water extracts of nine different fruit tree leaves were determined. -amylase and -glycosidase inhibitory activity were determined by using Caraway-Somogyi iodine/potassium iodide and 4-nitrophenyl--D-glucopyranoside as substrate, respectively. The total sugar content of the nine different fruit tree leaves varies from 281.02 mg GE/g (glucose equivalents) to 643.96 mg GE/g. Methanolic extract from avocado leaves had the strongest in -amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory activity, 69.21 and 96.26%, respectively. Fatty acid composition of nine fruit tree leaves was characterized by gas chromatography and 24 components were identified. Among the tested fruit tree leaves, the main component was linolenic acid (49.09%). The level of essential fatty acids are over 50% in mulberry, grape, and loquat leaves. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the major group of fatty acids present in oils of mulberry, fig, pomegranate, grape, and loquat leaves. Therefore, these oils can be considered as a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, avocado can be regarded as a new source for diabetic therapies.
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    Onobrychıs armena Boiss. & Huet (Fabaceae)`nın antioksidan özellikleri ile uçucu ve sabit yağ bileşiminin araştırılması
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013-06-24) Karataş, Şükrü; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman
    Bu çalışmada Onobrcyhis armena uçucu bileşenleri, yağ asitleri ve antioksidan özellikleri incelendi. Farklı ekstrakların (etilasetat, metanol ve su) antioksidan özellikleri fosfomolibdat, serbest radikal süpürme testi, ß-karoten/linoleik asit testi, demir ve bakır indirgeme gücü testleri ile ölçüldü. Ayrıca, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikler de hesaplandı. Çalışılan ekstraklar arasında, metanol ekstraktı antioksidan kapasite test sistemlerinde (ß-karoten/linoleik asit testi hariç) en güçlü aktiviteyi sergilemiştir. Yağ asidi komposizyonu GC ile araştırıldı ve 25 farklı yağ asidi belirlendi. GC analizlerinde major yağ asitleri palmitik (%22.67) ve linoleik (%15.09) asittir. Doymamış yağ asitleri seviyesi doymuş yağ asitlerinden daha yüksektir. Uçucu yağlar GC-MS ile analiz edildi ve 22 bileşen tanımlandı. Tanımlananan major bileşenler n-hekzadekonik asit, 9-12 oktadekanoik asit, tetradekanoik asit ve hekzahidro farnesil asetondur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları O. armena?nın kolay elde edilebilen doğal antioksidanların ve doymamış yağ asitlerinin bir kaynağı olarak gıda ve farmasötik endüstrilerinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.