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    Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, and Neuroprotective Properties of Prangos gaubae
    (NATURAL PRODUCTS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Shahram; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, Leila
    Chemical composition of essential oil and the potential of Prangos gaubae for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, Diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases were evaluated for the first time. In this direction, enzyme inhibitory effects, antioxidant activity, and total bioactive contents of the plant were determined. EO showed high acetylcholinesterase (2.97 mg GEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (1.35 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-glucosidase (38.84 mmol ACEs/g oil), and lipase (1.59 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Moreover, strong antioxidant effects were observed in antiradical (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), total antioxidant, and metal chelating assays. Methanol extract exhibited promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.47 mmol TEs/g extract) and also high reducing power in CUPRAC (0.89 mmol TEs/g extract) and FRAP (0.52 mmol TEs/g extract) assays. All extracts showed low total flavonoid but high total phenolics content. Furthermore, they exhibited strong skin-care effect in tyrosinase inhibition assay. EO analysis showed the presence of germacrene D (26.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and spathulenol (11.3%) as the major volatile components. Results indicated that P. gaubae has promising potential for possible uses in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.
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    Chemical composition profile of the essential oil from hymenocrater bituminous and its health functionality
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Shahram; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, Leila; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman
    Hymenocrater species are important medicinal and food plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Hymenocrater bituminous Fisch. & C. A. Mey. for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases through inhibition of targeted enzymes. Essential oil composition, antioxidant activity, and the total bioactive contents of the plant were also determined. EO showed high alpha-glucosidase (40 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (9 mmol ACEs/g oil), acetylcholinesterase (3.8 mg GEs/g oil), butyrylcholinesterase (4.7 mg GEs/g oil), tyrosinase (45 mg KAEs/g oil), and lipase (1.5 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Methanolic extract exhibited strong antiradical (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP) activities and high total phenolics content (120 mg GAEs/g extract). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of EO showed the presence of alpha-pinene (18.2%), beta-pinene (11.3%), trans-phytol (11.0%), and spathulenol (8.5%) as the major components. The results indicated that H. bituminous has promising potential for possible uses in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.
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    Paeonia arietina and Paeonia kesrounansis bioactive constituents: NMR, LC-DAD-MS fingerprinting and in vitro assays
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Sut, Stefania; Zengin, Gökhan; Dall'Acqua, Stefano; Gazdova, Marketa; Smejkal, Karel; Bulut, Gizem; Doğan, Ahmet; Haznedaroğlu, Mehmet Zeki; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Maggi, Filippo; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    Paeonia species have been valued for their ethnomedicinal uses in various countries and received much interest among the scientific community for their therapeutic properties, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The multiple phytother-apeutical applications of Paeonia species inspired us to establish the phytochemical fingerprint and to evaluate the biological properties of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts from the roots and aerial parts of two Paeonia species (P. arietina G. Anderson and P. kesrounansis Thiebaut). Phytoconstituents of P. arietina and P. kesrounansis extracts were analyzed using 1D and 2D NMR and LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The total content of phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) in the extracts was also evaluated. The antioxidant activity was profiled using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays. Enzyme inhibitory properties were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Phytochemical analysis of P. arietina and P. kesrounansis extracts showed the presence of galloyl esters of sugars, galloyl monoterpenes, and glycosylated flavonoids. The three solvent extracts presented different behavior in the bioassays. The highest antioxidant activity, tyrosinase and AChE inhibition were observed for the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. kesrounansis. In addition, the ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of both plants were the most effective inhibitors of alpha-amylase. The highest BChE inhibition was observed for root methanolic extract of P. kesrounansis while the root ethyl acetate extract of P. arietina exerted the strongest inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Methanol extract of P. kesrounansis aerial parts presented the highest TPC, while TFC was greatest in the corresponding extract of P. arietina. Our findings can be considered as a starting point for future studies to further validate the effectiveness and safety profiles of these plants in folk medicine. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Triterpene acid and phenolics from ancient apples of friuli venezia giulia as nutraceutical ingredients: lC-MS study and in vitro activities
    (MDPI, 2019) Sut, Stefania; Zengin, Gökhan; Maggi, Filippo; Malagoli, Mario; Dall'Acqua, Stefano
    Triterpene acid and phenolic constituents from nine ancient varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits cultivated in Fanna, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeast Italy, were analyzed and compared with four commercial apples (Golden Delicious', Red Delicious', Granny Smith' and Royal Gala'). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The quali-quantitative fingerprint of secondary metabolites including triterpene acid was obtained by LC-DAD-(ESI)-MS and LC-(APCI)-MS, respectively. Based on the two LC-MS datasets, multivariate analysis was used to compare the composition of ancient fruit varieties with those of four commercial apples. Significant differences related mainly to the pattern of triterpene acids were found. Pomolic, euscaphyc, maslinic and ursolic acids are the most abundant triterpene in ancient varieties pulps and peels, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were prevalent in the commercial fruits. Also, the content of the phenolic compounds phloretin-2-O-xyloglucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside was greater in ancient apple varieties. The antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) of the samples were investigated in vitro. Antioxidant assays showed that the peels were more active than pulps. However, all the samples exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory effects. Ancient Friuli Venezia Giulia apple cultivars can be a source of chlorogenic acid and various triterpene acids, which are known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity and beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results make these ancient varieties suitable for the development of new nutraceutical ingredients.