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Öğe The biochemical composition of the leaves and seeds meals of moringa species as non-conventional sources of nutrients(WILEY, 2017) Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaSome physicochemical properties of the oil, crude protein, sugars, and amino acids of the leaves and seed meals of two Moringa species were determined and compared using Student's T-test. The oil properties and fatty acid composition were significantly (at either p <= .01 or p <= .05) varied between the two species. The sterols and tocopherols contents of the species oil differed significantly. Most of the sterols were not detected in Moringa oleifera oil. The sugars contents were significantly different between the two species. The protein contents of M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were significantly higher than those of Moringa peregrina. Compared with M. peregrina, the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals had significantly higher amounts of amino acids. The most concentrated amino acids in the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine whereas those in M. peregrina were threonine, serine, and proline.Öğe Chemical evaluation of some paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) seed oils(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2009) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe oil contents of seeds from paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) collected from different locations in Turkey and Italy varied in a relatively wide range from 8.5 g/100 g to 32.6 g/100 g. The fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of the oils from different paprika seeds were investigated. The main fatty acids in paprika seed oils were linoleic acid (69.5-74.7 g/100 g), oleic acid (8.9-12.5 g/100 g) and palmitic acid (10.7-14.2 g/100 g). The oils contained an appreciable amount of gamma-tocopherol (306.6-602.6 mg/kg), followed by alpha-tocopherol (7.3-148.7 mg/kg). The major sterols were beta-sitosterol (1571.4-4061.7 mg/kg), campesterol (490.8-1182.7 mg/kg), and Delta(5)-avenasterol (374.5-899.6 mg/kg). The total concentration of sterols ranged from 3134.0 mg/kg to 7233.7 mg/kg. Remarkable amounts of cholesterol were found in the different samples (164.6-491.0 mg/kg). The present study showed that paprika seeds are a potential source of valuable oil that could be used for edible and industrial applications.Öğe The comparison of properties of the oil and kernels of various hazelnuts from Germany and Turkey(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe oil yields of hazelnut kernels collected from Germany (Munster) and Turkey range from 8.1 to 64.1%. The main fatty acids in hazelnut kernel oils are oleic (76.382.6%), linoleic (6.514.0%), and palmitic (5.76.5%). The hazelnut kernel oils contained an appreciable amount of a-tocopherol (19.963.9?mg/100?g), with a mean value of 40.02?mg/kg, and ?-tocopherol (1.315.5?mg/100?g), with a mean value of 4.84. a-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all hazelnut kernels. The major sterols were beta-sitosterol, ranging from 78.13 to 82.56?mg/kg; campesterol, ranging from 4.79 to 7.42?mg/kg; and d5-avanasterol, ranging from 1.26 to 5.24?mg/kg. The highest minerals were K and P followed by Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn. P contents of all samples were established between 2029.90 and 4376.66?ppm. The results may also be useful for the evaluation of nutritional information. As a result, the present study showed that the kernels of hazelnut are a potential source of valuable oil which might be used for food and non-food applications. In addition, hazelnut kernel oil has a high nutritive value and can be recommended for processing of healthy food products.Öğe Composition, use and bioactive properties of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.) fruit and seeds(AGRIMEDIA GMBH, 2017) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Matthaeus, BertrandIn current study, information about the oil content, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and sterol contents and bioactive properties of prickly pear fruit and seed are reviewed. Prickly pear growing in limited amounts in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions is consumed as the seedy pulp, jam and marmalades. An increase of prickly pear cultivation can be expected when the demand for the fruits as raw material for the production of fruit juices or other ingredients increases. Several studies were conducted on color, acidity phenolic compounds, flavonoids, betalains and antioxidant activity of juices of nine prickly pears (Opuntia spp.). The oil of prickly pear seeds can be used as edible oil. Linoleic acid was determined as the major fatty acid of prickly pear seed oil, followed by oleic and palmitic acids. Recently, an increased interest in antioxidant activity and health-improving capacity of cactus pear has been reported. The antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts was stronger in the purple-skinned than other varieties.Öğe Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherol and Sterol Contents in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties(JIHAD DANESHGAHI, 2017) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe oil contents of linseeds were determined between 39.9% (Antares) and 43.3% (Railinus). The oleic acid contents of seed oils varied between 0.8% (Maroc) and 24.8 (Railinus). The linoleic acid contents of linseed oil change between 10.2% (Avangard) and 48.2% (Maroc), while the palmitic acid of oils ranged from 4.8% (Antares) to 6.1% (Maroc), stearic acid contents ranged between 4.7% (Avangard) to 23.5% (Maroc). Also, linolenic acid contents of Avangard oil was higher (59.9%) than those of results of other linseed oils. The P8 contents of linseed oil change between 1.1 mg/kg (Railinus) and 16.4 mg/kg (Avangard). Also, the delta-tocopherol content of Railinus oil was also higher (262.7 mg/kg) than those of other linseed oils (0.3-0.4 mg/kg). The total tocopherol in Railinus seed oil was higher (437.4 mg/100 g) (p<0.05) than that of Maroc seed oil (30.3 mg/100 g).Öğe FATTY ACIDS AND TOCOPHEROL CONTENTS OF SOME PRUNUS SPP. KERNEL OILS(WILEY, 2009) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Oezcan, Mehmet MusaThe oil content as well as the fatty acid and tocopherol composition of kernels from 15 Prunus spp. varieties from Turkey were determined. The oil yields from these kernels varied from 46.3 to 55.5%. The main fatty acids of Prunus spp. kernel oils were oleic acid (43.9-78.5%), linoleic acid (9.7-37%) and palmitic acid (4.9-7.3%). The total amount of vitamin-E-active compounds in the oils varied between 62.9 and 439.9 mg/kg. The predominant tocopherol in most kernel oils was gamma-tocopherol. Only two varieties of P. amygdalus and one variety of P. persica showed alpha-tocopherol as the main vitamin-E-active compound. The composition of the oils was 9-164.5 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol, 21.5-41.6 mg/kg alpha-tocotrienol, 1.6-330.2 mg/kg gamma-tocopherol and 0-39.1 mg/kg delta-tocopherol. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the kernels of the investigated species of Prunus fruits from Turkey may serve potential sources of valuable oil that might be used for edible and other industrial applications.Öğe Fatty acids, tocopherols, minerals contents of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and seed oils(INNOVHUB SSI-AREA SSOG, 2016) Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Matthaeus, Bertrand; Ghafoor, K.; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Özcan, Mehmet MusaSome proximate properties, fatty acids, tocopherols, minerals of their seeds and seed oils of N. sativa and T foenum-graecum were determined. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid contents of N. sativa ranged from 11.4% (Saudi Arabia) to 13.0% (Ethiophia), 22.4% (Ethiophia) to 23.3% (Saudi Arabia) and 56.2% (Ethiophia) to 56.8% (Turkey), respectively. In addition, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents of T. foenumgraecum changed between 9.5% (Saudi Arabia) and 11.5% (Turkey), 11.7% (Yemen) and 21.3% (Saudi Arabia) and 35.0% (Saudi Arabia) and 43.7% (Turkey) and 21.0% (Turkey) to 29.9% (Yemen), respectively. alpha-Tocopherol contents of fenugreek oil changed between 87.4% (Yemen) and 128.2% (Saudi Arabia); followed by p8 (plastochromanol), Y-tocopherol and beta-tocopherol. As a total tocopherol contents, the total amount of fenugreek oils changed between 94.3% (Yemen) and 136.5% (Saudi Arabia), and was found to higher than the results for N. sativa oil. Ca contents of N. sativa seed changed between 4460 mg/Kg (Saudi Arabia) and 5133 mg/Kg (Ethiophia). K contents of N. sativa ranged from 5948 mg/Kg (Ethiophia) to 7561 mg/Kg (Turkey). Such variation in nutrient contents may be related to variations in regions of cultivation, storage conditions and maturity stage, and climatic differences where the sample seeds were grown.Öğe Is the Profile of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, and Amino Acids Suitable to Differentiate Pinus armandii Suspicious to Be Responsible for the Pine Nut Syndrome from Other Pinus Species?(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2018) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Li, Peiwu; Ma, Fei; Zhou, Haiyan; Jiang, Jun; Özcan, Mehmet MusaPinus armandii is suspicious to be responsible for the Pine Nut Syndrome, a long lasting bitter and metallic taste after the consumption of pine nuts. To find chemical characteristic features for the differentiation of P. armandii from other Pinus species, 41 seed samples of the genus Pinus from 22 plant species were investigated regarding the content and the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, and amino acids. The predominant fatty acids in the seed oils were linoleic acid (35.2 - 58.2 g/100 g), oleic acid (14.6 - 48.5 g/100 g), and pinolenic acid (0.2 - 22.4 g/100 g), while the vitamin-E-active compounds were dominated by -tocopherol. The amino acid composition was mainly characterized by arginine and glutamic acid with amounts between 0.9 and 8.9 g/100 g as well as 2.1 g/100 g and 8.3 g/100 mg. On the basis of this investigation, a Principle Component Analysis has been used to identify the most important components for the differentiation of P. armandii from other Pinus species. Using the data for glutamic acid, 20:2(5,11), 18:3(5,9,12), 18:1(9), and oil content, a classification of the 41 samples into four different groups by cluster analysis was possible, but the characteristic features of P. armandii were too close to some other members of the genus Pinus, making a clear differentiation of this species difficult. Nevertheless, the investigation showed the similarities of different members of the genus Pinus with regard to fatty acids, vitamin-E-active compounds, and amino acids.Öğe The lipid fraction of seeds from Salvia columbariae grown in Arizona(WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2016) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe oil contents and the composition of fatty acids and tocopherols of sixteen samples from Salvia columbariae collected in Arizona were investigated. The samples are characterised by high oil content ranging from 19.2 to 36.5 g/100 g with alpha-linolenic acid as main fatty acid (59.4 to 65.7 g/100 g). The seeds contain linoleic acid (15.9 to 20.9 g/100 g) and oleic acid (8.5 to 10.7 g/100 g) as well as palmitic and stearic acid in remarkable amounts. The 18: 3/18: 2 ratio could be an interesting chemotaxonomic feature to differentiate S. columbariae from other members of the genus Salvia. The content of vitamin E active compounds ranged from 82.8 to 536.5 mg/kg, mainly dominated by.-tocopherol. From the composition of fatty acids and vitamin E active compounds, it can be suggested that seeds and seed oil from S. columbariae may constitute high-value products for healthy nutrition.Öğe Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils(MDPI, 2015) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaOil content, fatty acid composition and the distribution of vitamin-E-active compounds of selected Turkish seeds that are typically by-products of the food processing industries (linseed, apricot, pear, fennel, peanut, apple, cotton, quince and chufa), were determined. The oil content of the samples ranged from 16.9 to 53.4 g/100 g. The dominating fatty acids were oleic acid (apricot seed oil, peanut oil, and chufa seed oil) in the range of 52.5 to 68.4 g/100 g and linoleic acid (pear seed oil, apple seed oil, cottonseed oil and quince seed oil) with 48.1 to 56.3g/100g, while in linseed oil mainly -linolenic acid (53.2 g/100 g) and in fennel seed oil mainly 18:1 fatty acids (80.5 g/100 g) with petroselinic acid predominating. The total content of vitamin-E-active compounds ranged from 20.1 (fennel seed oil) to 96 mg/100 g (apple seed oil). The predominant isomers were established as - and -tocopherol.Öğe Oil, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of some aromatic plant seeds(INNOVHUB SSI-AREA SSOG, 2016) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Ghafoor, K.The oil contents of the seeds were found to range between 5.9% (fenugreek) and 47.6% (blackcumin). While oleic acid contents of oils vary between 17.49% (fenugreek) and 78.30% (coriander), linoleic acid contents ranged from 10.78% (fennel) to 52.11% (blackcumin). The highest linolenic acid content (20,75%) was established in fenugreek oil. While fenugreek oil contains 1161.7 mg/100g beta-tocopherol, blackcumin oil contained 28.4 mg/100 g beta-tocotrienol. In addition, coriander oil contained 48.1 mg/100 g beta-tocotrienol. Total tocopherol contents of fenugreek, blackcumin and coriander oils were reported at 1202.88, 56.49 and 62.58 mg/100g, respectively.Öğe Pomegranate plant (Punica granatum L.) composition, antioxidant activity, therapeutic effect, antimicrobial activity - A review(AGRIMEDIA GMBH, 2016) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet MusaThe pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important edible fruit. The peel and seeds are the major by-product of pomegranate processing industries. The pomegranate peel, aril and seeds are important sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, ellagitannins, and proanthocyanidin compounds, minerals, mainly potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, and polysaccharides. Peels and seeds of pomegranate have been proposed as source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial active compounds.Öğe A review: benefit and bioactive properties of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves(SPRINGER, 2017) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Matthaeus, BertrandOlive leaf tree is one of the most common, traditional herbal teas used among Mediterranean people to cure certain diseases. The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves, especially the oleuropein, are associated to antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and cardioprotective activity. Many olive oil producers even charge a fee to the olive farmer for the disposal of olive leaves. In current study, some of these studies on the beneficial health effects, antioxidant, antimicrobial and phenolic compounds of olive leaves are reviewed.Öğe Some physico-chemical properties and composition in wild olive (Olea europaea L. subsp oleaster) fruit and oil(INNOVHUB SSI-AREA SSOG, 2014) Matthaeus, Bertrand; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Al Juhaimi, Fahad Y.In this study, some physico-chemical properties and composition in wild olive fruit and oil were determined. The fatty acid compositions of wild olive oils were determined using GC. Generally, oil contents of both samples were found to be 27.3 and 31.6% in the Mersin (Buyukeceli) and Antalya (Geyikbayir) locations, respectively in Turkey. Free fatty acid (0.9-1.2% oleic acid), peroxide value (12.7-10.4 meq 02/kg oil), total phenol (27.8-32.4 mg/kg) and specific gravity (0.927-0.931 g/cm(3)) of wild olive oils provided from Mersin (Buyukeceli) and Antalya (Geyikbayir) provinces were established, respectively. Oleic acid (67.8-58.9%) was presented as the highest concentration followed by linoleic acid (7-17%), palmitic (15.6-15.2%) and stearic acids (2.9-3.0%) in Mersin (Bilyukeceli) and Antalya (Geyikbayir) wild olive oils, respectively. Tocopherol analyses by HPLC revealed the presence of a, 13 and gamma-tocopherols in both the olive oil samples studied. Tocopherol contents of both samples changed between 34.2-27.6 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol, 0.0-0.3 mg/kg beta-tocopherol and 0.5-0.7 mg/kg gamma-tocopherol.
