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    Determination of optimum fermentation quality of capers (capparis ovata desf. Var. canescens) in different brine conditions
    (BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2008) Arslan, Derya; Unver, Ahmet; Ozcan, Musa
    Lactic acid, citric acid, yogurt and starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculation were tested singly in brines for the fermentation of raw caper buds (Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens). The buds were divided into two different sizes, small and big, according to their diameters before fermentation, and the effects of bud size on the fermentation were also investigated. Ten percent salt containing brine was evaluated as the control brine. Small buds could be recommended for their higher acidity levels and hardness scores. Citric and lactic acid addition revealed very low pH values (2.14-2.60) and high acidity levels (1.2-1.7%). Starter culture inoculation or yogurt addition to the brine resulted in lower acidity values, similar to the control brine. Lactic and citric acid addition not only accelerated the acidification rate, but also decreased the growth in the brine during fermentation. The differences between flavor and color scores of samples were not statistically significant from the bud size point of view, while these differences were significant for hardness scores (P < 0.01). The best initial brine conditions deduced from the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory results were citric acid and lactic acid added brine types.
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    The lactic acid fermentation of three different grape leaves grown in Turkey
    (BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2007) Unver, Ahmet; Ozcan, Musa; Arslan, Derya; Akin, Aydin
    Leaves of three different cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., Eksikara, Hesapali and Siyah pekmezlik were fermented in 10% brine and 10% brine + 1% citric acid concentration for 5 weeks. Percent dry matter, average weight, protein and dimethyl sulfide content of fresh leaves were determined. During the fermentation time, chemical properties of brine (titratable acidity, pH, salt content) were determined at certain intervals. Fresh leaves of Eksikara had the highest amount of dry matter (31.69%), followed by Siyah pekmezlik (27.89%) and Hesapali (25.36%).The protein content of fresh leaves decreased approximately 50% as a result of the fermentation. Fermented Hesapali leaves had the highest (2,955 kcal/100 g), while Siyah pekmezlik leaves had the lowest (2,384 kcal/100 g) energy values. Eksikara leaves in 10% brine + 1% citric acid had the lowest pH value (2.09), while Siyah pekmezlik had the highest pH value (2.57) on the fifth week of the fermentation. The highest titratable acidity was measured in Hesapali (10% brine + 1% citric acid). Hesapali leaves in both types of brine showed the highest taste scores, while Eksikara leaves were preferred for their more acceptable odor. Siyah pekmezlik leaves are not recommended for brining as the fermented leaves of this cultivar obtained the lowest sensory scores.