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    Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry of the Inkaya (Simav-Kutahya) Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, NW TURKEY
    (DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD, 2013) Ozen, Yesim; Arik, Fetullah
    The Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, located about 20 km west of the Simav (Kutahya-Turkey), is situated in the northern part of the Menderes Massif Metamorphics. The mineralization is located along an E-W trending fault in the Cambrian Simav metamorphics consisting of quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite schist and the ArA +/- kayasA +/- formation composed of marbles. Mineralized veins are 30-35 cm in width. The primary mineralization is represented by abundant galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fahlore and minor amounts of cerussite, anglesite, digenite, enargite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, limonite, hematite and goethite with gangue quartz. Fluid inclusion studies on the quartz samples collected from the mineralized veins indicate that the temperature range of the fluids is 235A degrees C to 340A degrees C and the salinities are 0.7 to 4.49 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The wide range of homogenization temperatures indicates that two different fluid generations were trapped in quartz. Sulfur isotope studies of the sulfide minerals showed that all of the delta S-34 values are between -2.1 and 2.6 per mil. These values are a typical range for hydrothermal sulfide minerals that have sulfur derived from a magmatic source. Pyrite-galena and pyrite-chalcopyrite sulfur isotope fractionation is consistent with an approach to isotopic equilibrium, and calculated temperatures are 254.6 and 277.4A degrees C for pyrite-galena and 274.7A degrees C for pyrite-chalcopyrite. The microthermometric data and sulfur isotope thermometry indicate the existence of a hydrothermal fluid that circulated along the fault crossing the Simav metamorphics and ArA +/- kayasA +/- formation. Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry can be used in combination with ore petrographical and geological information to provide site-specific targets for meso-hypothermal metal concentrations.
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    S, O and Pb isotopic evidence on the origin of the Inkaya (Simav-Kutahya) Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) Prospect, NW Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Ozen, Yesim; Arik, Fetullah
    The Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) prospect is a typical example of the hydrothermal mineralization occurring in the Menderes Massif, which crop out in Western Anatolia. The prospect located approximately 20 km west of Simav (Kutahya-Turkey) in northern part of the Menderes Massif have been characterized through the detailed examinations involving geological, mineralogical, whole-rock geochemistry, fluid inclusion, stable isotope and lead isotope. The Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) prospect is located along an E-W-trending fault in the Cambrian Simav Metamorphics, which consist of quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite schist and the Ankayast Formation, which is composed of marbles. Galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and fahlore are the main minerals, and they are accompanied by small amounts of cerussite, anglesite, digenite, enargite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, and Fe-oxides with gangue quartz. In addition to Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, the ore samples contain substantial quantities of As, Cd and Bi and small amount of Au. Average contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag are 77,400 ppm, 102,600 ppm, 6843 ppm and 203 ppm, respectively. The delta S-34 values for galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite formed in the same stage vary in the range from -1.7 to -2.1% (average -2.0), 0.1 to 03 parts per thousand (average 0.2) and -1.5 to 2.6 parts per thousand (average +1.5), respectively. delta S-34 values for H2S, representing the composition of the fluids responsible for the sulfide mineral formations and calculated from the delta S-34 value are between -2.77 and 133 parts per thousand; it is consistent with the sulfur in sulfide minerals. delta O-18(quartz) values range from 11.3 to 16.4 parts per thousand and estimated delta O-18(fluid) values range from 5.4 to 10.6 parts per thousand. Pyrite-galena and pyrite-chalcopyrite pairs calculated to determine equilibrium isotope temperatures based on 8345 values are between 254.6 and 277.4 degrees C for pyrite-galena and 274.7 degrees C for pyrite-chalcopyrite. Sulfur and oxygen isotope values similar to the values for fluid equilibrated with an felsic magmatic source. Fluid inclusion studies on quartz of the same silicification stage coexisting with galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite collected from the mineralized vein indicate that the temperature range of the fluids is 235 degrees C to 340 degrees C and that the salinities are 0.7 to 4.49 wt.% NaCl equivalent The wide range of homogenization temperatures and relatively lower salinities of the fluid inclusions indicate that at least two different fluid generations were trapped in the quartz from only one fluid type. Also, lower salinities of fluid inclusion probably indicate mixing of meteoric water and magmatic fluid. The galena has Pb-206/Pb-204 values of 18.862-18.865, Pb-207/Pb-204 values of 15.707-15.711, and Pb-208/Pb-204 values of 39.033-39.042. The lead isotope values show a similarity with upper crustal values. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.