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    Comparative Skin Histology of the White New Zealand and Angora Rabbits: Histometrical and Immunohistochemical Evaluations
    (MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Oznurlu, Yasemin; Celik, Ilhami; Sur, Emrah; Telatar, Tugba; Ozparlak, Haluk
    In this study, thickness of the skin sub layers and the number, absolute and relative areas of the nuclear Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Regions (AgNORs) and the number of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei of the germinal matrix epithelial cells of the Angora and white New Zealand rabbits were compared. Skin samples were taken from 40 adult healthy rabbits. General histological features of the skin in both Angora and white New Zealand rabbits were quite similar and displayed the characteristics of thin skin. Angora rabbit skin was significantly (p<0.05) thicker than that of the white New Zealand rabbit and the difference mainly originated from the thicker papillary layer of the dermis. The Angora rabbit had the greatest hair follicle number in the unit area of the dermis. The shape, dimension and distribution pattern of the AgNORs were similar in both rabbit strains. The number, absolute and relative areas of the AgNORs and PCNA immunoreactivity of the Angora rabbits were higher than those of the White New Zealand rabbits. The histological characteristics of the skin in the white New Zealand rabbit were suitable for leather industry, whereas the Angora rabbit had good hair follicle characteristics for wool production. Further studies on a larger population regarding seasonal differences should be done to elucidate the possible association between AgNOR parameters and PCNA immunoreactivity of germinal matrix cells of hair follicles and wool production.
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    Determination of Some Metal Levels in Muscle Tissue of Nine Fish Species from Beysehir Lake, Turkey
    (CENTRAL FISHERIES RESEARCH INST, 2012) Ozparlak, Haluk; Arslan, Gulsin; Arslan, Emine
    Concentrations of some metals were determined in muscle tissues of nine fish species from Beysehir Lake, Turkey by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Most of metal levels in Alburnus akili were higher than those of other fish species as followings: Pb 5.25 mg kg(-1), Cd 4.00 mg kg(-1), Zn 23.75 mg kg(-1), Ni 4.01 mg kg(-1), Cr 24.45 mg kg(-1), Mn 17.53 mg kg(-1), Co 5.90 mg kg(-1), Mg 283.06 mg kg(-1), Sr 27.40 mg kg(-1), K 514.09 mg kg(-1) and Li 49.38 mg kg(-1). The highest concentrations of Cu and Ca were determined in Scardinius erythrophthalmus as 2.68 mg kg(-1) and 538.83 mg kg(-1) respectively. The highest concentrations of Bi and Na were measured in Gobio gobio microlepidotus as 6.05 mg kg(-1) and 423.56 mg kg(-1) respectively. Maximum Fe (13.98 mg kg(-1)) content was determined in Tinca tinca compared to other species. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the muscle tissue of all the fish species exceeded the tolerance levels of national and international guidelines but were below Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) limits set by FAO/WHO. The contents of Ni, Cr and Mn in specimens were also higher than the tolerance levels of some guidelines. On the contrary, levels of Zn, Cu and Fe were below the limits of guidelines and PTWI.
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    Effect of Seasons on Fatty Acid Composition and n-3/n-6 Ratios of Muscle Lipids of Some Fish Species in Apa Dam Lake, Turkey
    (ZOOLOGICAL SOC PAKISTAN, 2013) Ozparlak, Haluk
    This study was designed to determinate the effect of hot and cold seasons on fatty acid composition and n-3/n-6 ratios of Cyprinus,carpio, Sander lucioperca, Carassius gibelio and Leuciscus lepidus dorsal muscle lipids in Apa Dam Lake, Turkey by gas chromatographic method. Major saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were palmitic acid, oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in L. lepidus, C. gibelio and S. lucioperca, respectively. The total PUFA percentage was higher than the total SPA and MUFA percentages in all species except for C. gibelio and C. carpio in summer . The total amount of n-3 fatty acids was higher than that of n-6 fatty acids in all species. The highest percentage of total n-3 fatty acids among these species was observed in S. lucioperca in winter. Especially, the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs with nutritional importance for human health was 3.19 in winter in S. lucioperca. Additionally, the fatty acid composition of these fish species was affected by seasonal differences at statistical significance level (p<0.05) with regard to some fatty acids.
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    Light microscopic investigations on the circumvallate papillae of the young and aged akkaraman sheep
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Unsal, Sadettin; Cuce, Hasan; Celik, Ilhami; Sur, Emrah; Ozparlak, Haluk
    In this light microscopic study, morphometric parameters of the circumvallate papillae and the number of their taste buds in tongues of young (6-9 month-old) and aged (7 year-old) Akkaraman sheep were compared in order to determine general morphology and whether there were age-related differences in general morphology and numbers of the taste buds between young and aged animals. The tongues were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Tissue samples containing dorsal lingual papillae of 32 tongues (16 young and 16 aged) from both sexes (equal numbers of the males and females) were used for histological investigation. The mean number and diameter of the circumvallate papilla, mean number and diameter of the taste buds, and the taste bud number per circumvallate papilla were determined under the light microscope. There were no significant differences between the young and aged animals in the mean number and diameter of circumvallate papillae, the taste bud number and the diameter, taste bud number per papilla. Nevertheless, the aged animals had larger circumvallate papillae. These results showed that number of the taste buds and circumvallate papilla did not change with aging in Akkaraman sheep. Because that general morphology of the circumvallate papillae and their taste bud numbers did not change even in older animals, any age-related differences in the sense of taste can not be attributed to gross degenerative changes in taste buds of circumvallate papillae.
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    SOME HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF SEVEN FISH SPECIES FROM THE SUGLA AND BEYSEHIR LAKES, TURKEY
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2016) Ozparlak, Haluk; Sanda, Murad Aydin; Arslan, Gulsin
    Phoxinellus anatolicus, Carassius gibelio, Sander lucioperca, Vimba vimba tenella, Capoeta capoeta, Tinca tinca from Sugla Lake (Turkey) and P. anatolicus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, T. tinca from Beysehir Lake (Turkey) are economically important fish species and these fish have been consumed as food by local people. P. anatolicus is also endangered and endemic species from Turkey. In this study, concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in muscle tissue of these fish by using atomic absorption spectrometer. Levels of metals in the muscle tissue of all the fish specimens were compared with results of previous studies, the tolerance levels of national and international guidelines and the levels of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) limits set by FAO/WHO. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in the muscle tissue of all the fish specimens from Sugla and Beysehir Lakes exceeded the tolerance levels of national and international guidelines. However, concentrations of Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn were below PTWI limits. Therefore, in terms of these metal levels, consumption of fresh fillet of examined seven fish species (weekly up to about 0.3 kg/person) doesn't seem to be objectionable for human health.
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    A STUDY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN HEDGEHOGS IN TURKEY
    (AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS, 2011) Ozparlak, Haluk; Celik, Ilhami; Sur, Emrah; Ozaydin, Tugba; Arslan, Atilla
    The aim of this study was to determine diameters of blood cells, differential counts of peripheral blood leukocytes, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activity of some leukocyte types, and enzymatic positivity percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes in two hedgehogs species, Hemiechinus auritus, the long-eared hedgehog, and Erinaceus concolor, the southern white-breasted hedgehog. Air-dried peripheral blood smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. ANAE and ACP-ase were stained in glutaraldehyde-acetone-fixed smears. ANAE-positive lymphocytes displayed a dot-like positivity pattern characterized with 1-5 reddish brown cytoplasmic granules, whereas ACP-ase positive lymphocytes displayed a dot-like positivity pattern characterized with 1-3 pinkish cytoplasmic granules. Monocytes gave a diffuse and strong reaction while neutrophils displayed a weak positive reaction for ANAE and ACP-ase. No difference was observed in mean diameters of peripheral blood cells of these species. It was found that lymphocytes made up the majority (64.3% and 65.5%) of leukocytes, followed by neutrophils (23.9% and 23.3%), eosinophils (9.0% and 7.6%), monocytes (1.8% and 2.3%), and basophils (1.0% and 1.3%) in H. auritus and E. concolor, respectively. Mean ANAE positivity of lymphocytes was 36.6% and 51.3% and ACP-ase positivity was 32.1% and 37.5% for H. auritus and E. concolor, respectively. The ANAE positivity of lymphocytes in E. concolor was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of H. auritus.