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    Barley as an alternative to rice in dog food
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2017) İnal, Fatma; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; İnal, Şeref; Uludağ, Mustafa; Gürbüz, Emel; Polat, Esad Sami
    In this study, 30 mixed-breed, neutered, young adult male dogs at 15-30 kg live weights were used. The foods were produced at a special facility. Dog food produced using 25% barley had a gelatinized starch content significantly greater than that of food produced using 25% rice: 18.36% vs. 17.45%, respectively. No considerable difference was observed in the dogs' preference between the two foods (50.95% vs. 49.05%). Dry matter digestibility of rice and barley food was 86.10% and 83.85% and crude protein digestibility was 80.44% and 79.24%, respectively. Based on the consumption of rice or barley, stool consistency did not change.
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    Determination of live weights and body measurements of Kangal type Akkaraman sheep in producers conditions
    (WFL PUBL, 2011) Yilmaz, Alper; Tepeli, Cafer; Tekin, Mehmet Emin; Akmaz, Ali; Garip, Mustafa; Polat, Esad Sami; Coskun, Behic
    This study was carried out to determine live weights and body measurements of Kangal type Akkaraman sheep reared by producers. The data obtained from 240 ewes and 54 rams for live weight (LW) and 12 body measurements were used. The study was conducted on 35 flocks in Kangal district of Sivas. Average live weight (LW) was 66.4 kg, shoulder height (SH) 75.9 cm, rump height (RH) 75.8 cm, body length (BL) 65.7 cm, rump width (RW) 20.4 cm, chest depth (CD) 35.0 cm, chest width (CW) 22.7 cm, chest girth (CG) 98.8 cm, head length (HL) 24.1 cm, ear length (EL) 17.6 cm, ear width (EW) 10.0 cm, front cannon bone circumference (FCBC) 9.5 cm and tail-tarsal joint distance (TTJD) 10.9 cm for ewes. The average live weight (LW) of rams was 102 kg and the body measurements of rams were higher than that of ewes with the exception of the ear length (EL) and the tail-tarsal joint distance (TTJD). The LW differences among different ages were significant both in rams and ewes. However, with exception of BL and RW, there were no significant differences in body measurements of rams in terms of ages. The phenotypic correlations between LW and body measurements were positive and significant in all traits except in TTJD. The highest phenotypic correlation (0.898) was between LW and CG As a result, when LW and body measurements of ewes and rams were evaluated in the study, it can be said that Kangal type Akkaraman sheep was the large sheep breed compared with native sheep breeds in Turkey.
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    The effects of additional glycerol in different feed form on dairy cows
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Coşkun, Behiç; İnal, Fatma; Gürbüz, Emel; Polat, Esad Sami; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk
    This research was conducted to determine the impact of diet supplementation with glycerol in form of mash or pelleted feed on milk yield, milk composition, live weight and changes in body condition scoring and the effect of on blood plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations of dairy cows. In middle lactation stage, Holstein dairy cows (n = 94) were divided into three main groups: (1) control (n = 40); (2) mash concentrated feed+ glycerol group (n = 27); and (3) pelleted concentrated feed + glycerol (n = 27). Glycerol is added into concentrated feed at the rate of 5%. The study was lasted 69 d. There was not a significant difference among groups in terms of milk yield, body weight and plasma glucose, NEFA and BHBA concentrations. In the last day of study, milk solid non fat (SNF) were higher and milk urea-N content were lower in pelleted feed+ glycerol group (P < 0.05).
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    Effects of feeding diets with different protein levels on preference and some blood parameters in dogs
    (2018) İnal, Fatma; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; İnal, Şeref; Uludağ, Mustafa; Gürbüz, Emel; Polat, Esad Sami; Kahraman, Oğuzhan
    Aim: This study aimed to establish the effect of different dietaryprotein levels on certain blood parameters and food preferenceof dogs.Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 neutered, adult maledogs, with live weights of approximately 15-30 kg. Twenty-eightof dogs were fed four manufactured diets that respectively contained18%, 21%, 25%, and 28% crude protein in dry matter fora period of one month. Blood samples were taken at the beginningand at the end of the study.Results: The blood urea nitrogen levels were found to be significantlyaffected by the protein level in the diet, however, creatinine,total protein, albumin, and phosphorus levels were notfound to be directly affected by dietary protein. It was determinedthat dogs prefer food with higher protein content in thepreference test conducted with thirty dogs.Conclusion: There were no adverse effects on the blood parametersof the different protein levels. The effects of high proteinfoods on kidney function should be monitored using differentmethods.
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    The effects of live yeast culture (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability in yearling lambs
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2010) İnal, Fatma; Gürbüz, Emel; Coşkun, Behiç; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; Çitil, Özcan Barış; Polat, Esad Sami; Şeker, Erdoğan
    This study was carried out in two experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted with six ruminally-cannulated one-year old Kangal Akkaraman male lambs, using a crossover design with 2 periods to determine the effects of live yeast culture supplementation on rumen fermentation. Yearlings were either supplemented with 4 g/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BeneSacc, 4x10(9) CFU/g) or not supplemented (control). Animals were penned individually, and were fed a diet composed of 25% forage and 75% concentrate for sixteen days. Rumen fluid was sampled on day 16, 0 h (before feeding), 3 h and 6 h after feeding. Rumen pH, the numbers of protozoa, ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined in samples. Molar proportions of acetate were decreased, and propionate was increased with supplementation of live yeast culture. No differences were observed for ruminal pH, protozoa population, total VFA and ammonia-N concentrations, between treatments. In Experiment 2, in situ nutrient degradability of barley grain, corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat straw were determined. Live yeast culture supplementation did not affect dry matter (DM) degradability of barley, DDGS or straw, crude protein (CP) degradability of DDGS, nor neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability of straw. But, it reduced the potential degradability of DDGS in rumen..
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    Farklı Kaba Yemlerle Beslenen Kuzuların Yem Tüketim ve Davranışlarının Kamera Kaydıyla İzlenmesi
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2006) Polat, Esad Sami; Coşkun, Behiç; Gürbüz, Emel; Batevi, Tahir; Çivlik, İbrahim
    Hayvan davranışlanının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için bir gözlem, kayıt ve değerlendirme yöntemi geliştirilerek farklı kaba yemlerin yem yeme davranışları üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu yöntem sayesinde hayvanlan irrite et- meden yakından ve sürekli, fordi ve grup olarak davranışlarını gözlemek ve kaydetmek mümkün olmaktadır. Bu yön temde, bilgisayar destekli bir kamera izleme düzeneği kurulmuş, 7 gün 24 saat süresince ferdi bölmelerde tutulan ve 4 farklı kaba yem tüketen kuzuların davranışları gözlenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Her birinde 6 baş Erkek Merinos kuzu bulunan gruplara sırası ile Arpa Samanı (AS), Mısır Silajı (MS), Yonca Samanı (YS), ve yaş Şeker Pancan Posas (SPP), günde 6 öğün şeklinde 4er saatlik peryotlarla ad libitum olarak verilmiştir. AS grubu, seyrek sıklıkta, 24 saatte 14.4 kez, toplam en kısa süre yem yemiş (157.2 dakika), en az miktarda KM (% 1.08/CA) tüketmiştir. YS grubundaki kuzular daha uzun sürede (218 dak) daha sık olarak (19.7 kez), canlı ağırlıklarının %3.3 0 kadar KM tüketmişlerdir. MS, en uzun sürede (219.8 dak), YS' na göre daha seyrek, 18.4 kez, canlı ağırlığın %2.32' si kadar tüketilmiştir. $PP 2.38/CA kadar, MS ve YS den daha kısa sürede (189.7 dak), daha sık olarak (22.7 kez / gün) yani daha kısa fakat sik tekrarlanan peryotlarda tüketilmiştir. Hayvanların en fazla yem tüketimi gün batımında olmuş, barınak koşullarında ferdi bölmelerde tutulan hayvanlar zamanlarının büyük kısmını (s) yatarak geçirmişlerdir.
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    Improving mobile sheep walk-over weighing system designed for quick, easy and accurate evaluation of herds' status in field
    (CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD, 2013) Polat, Esad Sami; Caglayan, Tamer; Garip, Mustafa; Coskun, Behic
    [Abstract not Available]
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    Kangal Akkaraman koyunlarında yapağı özellikleri
    (2010) Garip, Mustafa; Coşkun, Behiç; Polat, Esad Sami; Yılmaz, Alper; Tekin, Mehmet Emin; Çağlayan, Tamer; Kılıç, Necip
    Garip M, Coşkun B, Polat ES, Yılmaz A, Tekin ME, Çağlayan T, Kılıç N. Kangal Akkaraman koyunlarında yapağı özellikleri. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2010, 26, 2, 93-99 Amaç: Bu araştırma halk elinde yetiştirilen Akkaraman koyunların kirli yapağı verimleri, lüle uzunlukları, incelik, elastikiyet, mukavemet ve randımanlarının tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Sivas iline bağlı Kangal ilçesinde 7 işletmede toplam 1623 baş Akkaraman koyun üzerinden alınan numunelerden örneklenerek gerçekleştirildi. Koyunların bakım beslenmesi tamamen koyun sahiplerinin uyguladığı bakım besleme şartlarında gerçekleşdi. Koyunlar ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında merada, kış aylarında ise ağılda beslendi. Bulgular: İki, 3, 4 ve 5 yaş ve üzeri koyunlarda kirli yapağı verimi sırası ile 1.80, 1.69, 1.62 ve 1.58 kg olarak bulunurken, elit ve taban sürülerde medullalı elyaf oranı %33.51 ile 32.75 ve lüle uzunluğu elit ve taban sürülerde 30.33 ile 27.73 (Hauter) mm olarak tespit edildi. Aynı gruplarda lif çapı 28.63 ile 26.96 ?m ve yapağı randımanı %60.78 ile 53.77 olarak hesaplandı. Yapağı özellikleri bakımından ise sürülerde yapağı ağırlığı ve randımanı açısından farklılık gözlendi (p0.05). Öneri: Özellikle yapağı miktarı ve incelik bakımından Merinos melezlerine yakın değerler gösteren işletmeler tespit edildi. İşletmeler arasında varyasyon olduğu bunun seleksiyon, bakım ve besleme ile daha iyi noktalara getirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.
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    Pelet ve ekstrude mamaların köpek beslemede kullanılması
    (2018) Gürbüz, Emel; Polat, Esad Sami; Uludağ, Mustafa; İnal, Şeref; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; İnal, Fatma
    Bu çalışma pelet ve ekstrude formda üretilen mamaların jelatinizasyon, köpeklerde sindirilebilirlik ve dışkı kalitesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 15-30 kg ağırlıkta kısırlaştırılmış 30 adet 1-3 yaşlı karışık ırk erkek köpek kullanıldı. Bileşimi aynı olan iki formülün biri pelet şeklinde, diğeri ekstrude formda özel bir tesiste üretildi. Yedirme denemeleri Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Köpekçilik Ünitesinde yürütüldü. Jelatinize nişasta oranı pelet mamada %4.87, ekstrude mamada %17.81 (P0.001) bulundu. Ekstrude mamanın köpekler tarafından tercih edilme oranı 0.66 olarak tespit edildi. Bu çalışmada üretilen pelet ve ekstrude mamalar, piyasada en çok bilinen biri ithal ve biri yerli olan ticari mamalar ile sindirilebilirlik, dışkı skoru ve maliyet bakımından karşılaştırıldı. Pelet, ekstrude, ithal ve yerli ticari mamaların dışkı toplama yöntemiyle belirlenen kuru madde sindirilebilirlikleri sırasıyla %81.2, 84.2, 83.7, 83.5 (P0.05) olarak tespit edildi. Dışkı skoru pelet mama tüketenlerde 3.48 bulundu, diğer üç ekstrude mamaları tüketenlerde 3.68-3.91 arasında idi. Maliyet hesaplamasında bu çalışmada üretilen ekstrude mama ile köpek beslemenin ithal mamadan 5 kat daha ekonomik olabileceği belirlendi.
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    Serum Antioxidant Status and Adenosine Deaminase Activity During the Gestational Period of Sheep
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Aydın, İbrahim; Bülbül, T.; Polat, Esad Sami; Yazar, Enver
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum oxidative status and adenosine deaminase activity during the gestational period in sheep. A total of 16 sheep fed with rations formulated according to the period of gestation were included in this study, and serum samples were obtained at pre-conception (PC). on the 1, 2. 3, and 4 months of pregnancy and on the 5(th) month just after the postpartum (JP) for determining the variations of the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), beta-carotene and vitamin A concentrations as well as the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities with adequate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The MDA and beta-carotene concentrations early and markedly increased during pregnancy while the increase in GSH concentrations was delayed and more progressive and SOD activity weakly varied during pregnancy but reached significantly elevated values just after the postpartum. By contrast. vitamin A and NO concentrations were significantly depressed and the variations of the ADA activity exhibited a bimodal profile with maximal value on the first month and minimal value on the 4(th) month. These results demonstrate the occurrence of an oxidative stress during pregnancy in sheep and that the tissue adenosine contents were sequentially controlled by the important ADA activity fluctuations.
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    Using of pelleted and extruded foods in dog feeding
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2018) İnal, Fatma; Alataş, Mustafa Selçuk; Kahraman, Oğuzhan; İnal, Şeref; Uludağ, Mustafa; Gürbüz, Emel; Polat, Esad Sami
    This study was carried out to determine the effects of pellet and extruded foods on gelatinization, digestibility and faecal quality of dogs. In study 30 adult male dogs of mixed breed, weighing 15-30 kg, neutered and around 1-3 of age were used. The two tested dog-food formulations had the same composition, but one was produced in pellet form, while the other was extruded in a private factory. Feeding experiments were conducted at the Dog Unit of the Veterinary Faculty in Selcuk University. Pelleted and extruded food contained 4.87% and 17.81% gelatinized starch, respectively (P<0.001). Tested dogs preferred extruded food at a rate of 0.66. The digestibility, faecal score, and cost of pelleted, extruded, imported, and domestic dog food were compared. The most common commercial brands were selected for the latter two categories. Based on faecal samples, the dry matter digestibility of the four dog-food types was 81.2%, 84.2%, 83.7%, 83.5% (P<0.05) respectively. The faecal score was 3.48 for dogs that consumed pelleted food and 3.68-3.91 for dogs fed the other three extruded foods. Cost calculations revealed that extruded food is five times more economical than imported food.