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    Improving the Sludge Disintegration Efficiency of Sonication by Combining With Alkalization and Thermal Pre-Treatment Methods
    (Iwa Publishing, 2012) Sahinkaya, S.; Sevimli, M. F.; Aygun, A.
    One of the most serious problems encountered in biological wastewater treatment processes is the production of waste activated sludge (WAS). Sonication, which is an energy-intensive process, is the most powerful sludge pre-treatment method. Due to lack of information about the combined pretreatment methods of sonication, the combined pre-treatment methods were investigated and it was aimed to improve the disintegration efficiency of sonication by combining sonication with alkalization and thermal pre-treatment methods in this study. The process performances were evaluated based on the quantities of increases in soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), protein and carbohydrate. The releases of soluble COD, carbohydrate and protein by the combined methods were higher than those by sonication, alkalization and thermal pre-treatment alone. Degrees of sludge disintegration in various options of sonication were in the following descending order: sono-alkalization > sonothermal pre-treatment > sonication. Therefore, it was determined that combining sonication with alkalization significantly improved the sludge disintegration and decreased the required energy to reach the same yield by sonication. In addition, effects on sludge settleability and dewaterability and kinetic mathematical modelling of pre-treatment performances of these methods were investigated. It was proven that the proposed model accurately predicted the efficiencies of ultrasonic pretreatment methods.
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    Removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB)
    (DIAGNOSIS PRESS LTD, 2007) Ozdemir, C.; Dursun, S.; Karatas, M.; Sen, N.; Sahinkaya, S.
    Low concentrations of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arising from these sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) can be removed by adsorption, incineration and biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages, such as low removal efficiency or high operation costs. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by anaerobic conditions. The aim of this research was the investigation of biological treatment of VOC,v in high flow speed reactors. The resistance capacity of micro-organisms was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with automated control system, by feeding with co-substrate additions, by loading by different ratios of organic matter varying hydraulic retention time (HRT), maintaining stable concentrations of COD and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH,alkalinity, temperature (35 degrees C) etc. during the anaerobic treatment. Glucose, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate and methanol were used as the co-substrates. In these studies the removal rates of TCE were opproximately 86.4-90. 0 %. The decomposition ratios were calculated for TCE as 0,231 mg g(-1)VSS d(-1). The highest methane ratio in the obtained biogas was 67.8 %,for TCE. Also, inhibition concentrations (IC) in 24 hours were determined as IC50,(.)31. 1 and IC25,(.) 9.9.