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    Assessment of soil quality index for wheat and sugar beet cropping systems on an entisol in Central Anatolia
    (SPRINGER, 2017) Seker, Cevdet; Ozaytekin, Hasan Huseyin; Negis, Hamza; Gumus, Ilknur; Dedeoglu, Mert; Atmaca, Etnel; Karaca, Ummuhan
    The sustainable use of agricultural lands is significantly affected by the implemented management and land processing methods. In sugar beet and wheat cropping, because the agronomic characteristics of plants are different, the tillage methods applied also exhibit significant variability. Soil quality concept is used, as a holistic approach to determining the effects of these applications on the sustainable use of soil. Agricultural soil quality evaluation is essential for economic success and environmental stability in rapidly developing regions. At present, a variety of methods are used to evaluate soil quality using different indicators. This study was conducted in one of the most important irrigated agriculture areas of Cumra plain in Central Anatolia, Turkey. In the soil under sugar beet and wheat cultivation, 12 soil quality indicators (aggregate stability (AS), available water capacity (AWC), surface penetration resistance (PR0-20), subsurface penetration resistance (PR20-40), organic matter (OM), active carbon (AC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), root health value (RHV), pH, available phosphorus (AP), potassium (K), and macro-micro elements (ME) (Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn)) were measured and scored according to the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CSHA) and the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). The differences among 8 (AS, AWC, PR0-20, PR20-40, AC, PMN, AP, and ME) of these 12 soil quality characteristics measured in two different plant cultivation were found statistically significant. The result of the soil quality evaluation with scoring function in the examined area revealed a soil quality score of 61.46 in the wheat area and of 51.20 in the sugar beet area, which can be classified as medium and low, respectively. Low soil quality scores especially depend on physical and biological soil properties. Therefore, improvement of soil physical and biological properties with sustainable management is necessary to enhance the soil quality in the study area soils.
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    EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATING AGENTS ON SOIL STRUCTURAL FORMATION AND PROPERTIES - A REVIEW PAPER
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Manirakiza, Noel; Seker, Cevdet
    The structural characteristics of soils are the leading soil quality factors which exert a significant influence on sustainable agricultural land uses and yields. This review paper collates and summarizes all necessary information relating to the processes of soil structural formation, artificial and natural aggregating agents as well as their effects on soil structural formation and its dynamic property improvement. Soil aggregation is a core process involving in soil structural development, and artificial and natural aggregating agents synergistically interact to determine soil aggregation. The rearrangement followed by flocculating and cementing of soil particles result in forming aggregates of different manners and sizes. Aggregating agents, which encompass organic matter (OM), biotic factors including plant roots and soil microorganisms, clay minerals, sesquioxides, lime and dolomite materials, considerably contribute to soil aggregates formation dubbed 'soil aggregation' through the drawing of soil primary particles together into aggregates of different manners and sizes. These aggregating agents significantly involve in soil aggregation and aggregates stability through the improving of soil porosity, hydraulic properties, water retention and other soil physical properties associated with aggregates. Organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, mucilage (like polygalacturonic acid), glomalin, cations like (Si4+, Fe3+, Al+3 and Ca2+), all of which emanate from aggregating agents significantly help bind soil particles together into macro aggregates during aggregation.
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    Effects of spent mushroom compost application on the physicochemical properties of a degraded soil
    (COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2017) Gumus, Ilknur; Seker, Cevdet
    Under field and laboratory conditions, the application of organic amendments has generally shown an improvement in soil physicochemical properties. Here, spent mushroom compost (SMC) is proposed as a suitable organic amendment for soil structure restoration. Our study assessed the impact of SMC on the physicochemical properties of a weak-structured and physically degraded soil. The approach involved the establishment of a pot experiment with SMC applications into soil (control, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 %). Soils were incubated at field capacity (-33 kPa) for 21, 42, and 62 days under laboratory conditions. SMC applications into the soil significantly increased the aggregate stability (AS) and decreased the modulus of rupture. The application of SMC at rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8% significantly increased the total nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents of the degraded soil at all incubation periods (p < 0.05). The results obtained in this study indicate that the application of SMC can improve soil physicochemical properties, which may benefit farmers, land managers, and mushroom growers.
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    Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators: a case study on an alluvial plain (central Turkey)
    (COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2017) Seker, Cevdet; Ozaytekin, Hasan Huseyin; Negis, Hamza; Gumus, Ilknur; Dedeoglu, Mert; Atmaca, Emel; Karaca, Ummuhan
    Sustainable agriculture largely depends on soil quality. The evaluation of agricultural soil quality is essential for economic success and environmental stability in rapidly developing regions. In this context, a wide variety of methods using vastly different indicators are currently used to evaluate soil quality. This study was conducted in one of the most important irrigated agriculture areas of Konya in central Anatolia, Turkey, to analyze the soil quality indicators of Cumra County in combination with an indicator selection method, with the minimum data set using a total of 38 soil parameters. We therefore determined a minimum data set with principle component analysis to assess soil quality in the study area and soil quality was evaluated on the basis of a scoring function. From the broad range of soil properties analyzed, the following parameters were chosen: field capacity, bulk density, aggregate stability, and permanent wilting point (from physical soil properties); electrical conductivity, Mn, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH, and NO3-N (from chemical soil properties); and urease enzyme activity, root health value, organic carbon, respiration, and potentially mineralized nitrogen (from biological properties). According to the results, the chosen properties were found as the most sensitive indicators of soil quality and they can be used as indicators for evaluating and monitoring soil quality at a regional scale.