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    Effects of teat shape on milk yield and milking traits in Brown Swiss cows
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2005) Tilki, M; Colak, M; Inal, S; Caglayan, T
    Effects of teat measurement and teat shape on milking time, milk flow rate and milk yield in Brown Swiss cows were evaluated. The means of 305-day milk yield for cylindrical, funnel and bottle teat shape groups were 3156, 3169 and 2377 kg, respectively. The mean values for the milking time in 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) milk yield groups were 6.54, 6.56 and 6.20 min and the differences were not statistically significant. Length and diameter of front and rear teats were negatively correlated with milk flow rate. Milk flow rate showed significant correlations with 305-day milk yield and milk yield per milking (P < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between milking time and milk flow rate (P < 0.001). In conclusion, 305-day milk yield of bottle teat shape cows was lower than that of cylindrical and funnel teat shape cows.
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    The estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters for calf birth weight and gestation length of Brown Swiss cows reared at the Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2003) Tilki, M; Inal, S; Tekin, ME; Colak, M
    This study was carried out to estimate the phenotypic and genetic parameters for the gestation length and birth weight of Brown Swiss cattle reared at the Bahri Bagda International Agricultural Research Institute. The experimental material consisted of 891 calving records and 666 gestation length records between 1989 and 2000. The least-squares means of birth weight and gestation length were 35.6 kg and 284 days, respectively. Except for the effect of the dam's age on gestation length, all other factors investigated in this study had significant effects on both gestation length and birth weight (P < 0.05-0.001). The estimations of heritability and repeatability for birth weight were 0.10 and 0.15, respectively. Estimated repeatability for gestation length was 0.14.
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    Quality traits of goose eggs: 1. Effects of goose age and storage time of eggs
    (EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO, 2004) Tilki, M; Inal, S
    The effects of age and storage time on some interior and exterior egg properties in INRA geese were evaluated. For 1, 2 and 3 years old geese the mean values for fresh egg weight (without storage) were 144.2, 148.2 and 172.3 g (P < 0.001), for egg weight loss 2.37, 2.06 and 1.72% (P < 0.001), for shell weight 18.7, 18.4 and 20.1 g (P < 0.001), for shell ratio 13.3 12.7 and 11.9% (P < 0.001), for egg shell thickness 0.55, 0.51 and 0.51 nmm (P < 0.001), for shape index 68.0, 68.6 and 68.0%, for albumen weight 77.0, 80.4 and 96.7 g (P < 0.001), for albumen ratio 54.6, 55.3 and 57.1% (P < 0.001), for yolk weight 45.1, 46.6 and 52.5 g (P < 0.001), for yolk ratio 32.2, 32.0 and 31.1% (P < 0.01), respectively. The mean values for Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index in freshly broken eggs (without storage) were 71.5, 8.29% and 36.8%, respectively. The weight of the egg increased with age of the geese. With increasing age, shell weight, albumen weight, yolk weight and shell membrane thickness increased, but egg weight loss, shell ratio, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk index values decreased. The egg weight loss increased with increasing storage time. When storage time increased, albumen weight, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk index values decreased.
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    Quality traits of goose eggs: 2. Effects of goose origin and storage time of eggs
    (EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO, 2004) Tilki, M; Inal, S
    Effects of origin and storage time on some interior and exterior egg properties in 1 year old Armutlu, Tatlicak, Baskuyu and INRA geese were evaluated. The mean values were 145.1, 148.5, 147.2 and 144.2 g for egg weight, 1.85, 2.00, 1.89 and 2.37% for egg weight loss, 19.4, 21.6, 20.0 and 18.7 g for shell weight, 13.7, 14.8, 13.8 and 13.3% for shell ratio, 0.54, 0.58, 0.55 and 0.55 mm for egg shell thickness, 67.1, 70.3, 66.7 and 68.0% for shape index, 72.9, 73.7, 74.1 and 77.0 g for albumen weight, 51.2, 50.6, 51.2 and 54.6% for albumen ratio, 50.1, 50.3, 50.4 and 45.1 g for yolk weight, 35.1, 34.6, 35.0 and 32.2% for yolk ratio, 0.06, 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06 min for egg shell membrane thickness for Armutlu, Tatlicak, Baskuyu and INRA geese, respectively. Mean values for Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index of freshly broken eggs (without storage) were 76.9, 9.19% and 37.1%, respectively. Origin significantly affected egg weight loss, shell weight, shell thickness and shape index. Furthermore, effect of origin was significant on yolk weight, albumen weight and albumen index. But, it was not significant for shell membrane thickness, Haugh unit and yolk index. The egg weights of all origins were nearly identical. The egg weight loss increased with increasing storage time. Albumen weight, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk index values decreased with storage time.
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    Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey I. Hatching traits
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2004) Tilki, M; Inal, S
    This study was carried out to determine the hatching traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. In the experiment, geese were selected from different regions of Turkey, (Kars-INRA), Isparta-Armutlu, Konya-Baskuyu and Konya-Tatlicak): 20 female and 4 male 2-year-old geese were used. Egg production was 39.4, 13.0, 11.4 and 12.6 eggs/geese, and egg laying period was 133, 75, 60 and 73 days, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the original egg weight and hatched chick weight (P < 0.01). Egg weight loss proportions during incubation for the experimental groups were 12.92, 11.44, 11.38 and 12.22%, respectively.
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    Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey II. Growth traits
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2004) Tilki, M; Inal, S
    This study was carried out to determine the growth traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. In the experiment, 25 INRA, 15 Armutlu, 15 Tatlicak and 18 Baskuyu geese were used. The differences between chick weight, and 12(th) and 25(th) week live weight of the geese was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Live weight gains were highest at weeks 4 and 5 for the geese. Significant differences were found between the sex groups for week 8, 12, 16, 20 and 25 live weight (P < 0.001).
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    Yield traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey III. Slaughter and carcass traits
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2004) Tilki, M; Inal, S
    This study was carried out to determine the carcass traits of geese of different origins reared in Turkey. INRA, Armutlu, Baskuyu and Tatlicak origin geese were used; 6 females and 6 males of each origin were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Among the origins, the differences were statistically significant for leg weight, head and abdominal fat ratio to the body (P < 0.05), neck weight, feather and gizzard fat ratio to the body (P < 0.01), hot carcass, blood, head, foot, heart, liver, gizzard, cold carcass, wing, breast and back weight, and blood, heart, liver and back ratio to the body were also significant (P < 0.001).