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Öğe Amelioration of radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine: results of an experimental study(SPRINGER, 2013) Yavaş, Çağdaş; Yavaş, Güler; Acar, Hilal; Toy, Hatice; Yüce, Deniz; Akyürek, Serap; Ata, ÖzlemWe aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, l-glutamine, and l-arginine (HMB/Glu/Arg) on radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy in the oral mucosa. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups. group (G) 1 was defined as control group, and G2 was the radiation therapy (RT) group. G3 and G4 were HMB/Glu/Arg control and 17 Gy RT plus HMB/Glu/Arg groups, respectively. A single dose of 17 Gy RT was given to the head and neck area, and the active supplement consisting of 5.2 g of HMB, 29.6 g arginine, and 29.6 g of glutamine which was equivalent to 60 kg adult dose was calculated for each rat and administrated orally. HMB/Glu/Arg started from the day of RT and continued until the animals were sacrificed 7 days after the RT. The extent of acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy for each rat was quantified with image analysis of histological sections of the oral mucosa. There were significant differences in terms of epithelial thickness, subepithelial edema, inflammation, and congestion between all groups (p values were < 0.001, 0.003, < 0.001, and 0.001 for each parameter, respectively). Using HMB/Glu/Arg alone led to hypertrophic changes in the epithelial layer. Moreover, when used with RT, HMB/Glu/Arg reversed radiation-induced epithelial atrophy (p, 0.006) and decreased radiation-induced inflammation at a significant level (p, 0.007). Concomitant use of HMB/Glu/Arg appears to ameliorate the radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy which represent the early phase of acute oral mucositis; however, this finding should be clarified with further clinical studies.Öğe Analysis of promoter methylation of Dickkopf1 (DKK1) gene in breast cancer(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2012) Acar, Muradiye; Cora, Tulin; Toy, Hatice; Acar, HasanAim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The Dickkopf1 (DKK1) gene product is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. DKK1 methylation status and its protein expression were examined in normal and cancer tissues of breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: We examined methylation changes in 83 tumor and adjacent normal tissues, and also in 9 normal breast tissues from unaffected women (no breast cancer history) as controls. DKK1 promoter methylation was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate DKK1 protein expression in the 9 controls and in 70 out of the 83 tumors as well as their adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical results were categorized as positive or negative for DKK1. Results: DKK1 gene methylation was detected in 3 out of the 9 (33%) normal breast tissue samples of unaffected women. The DKK1 gene was hypermethylated in 58 out of the 83 (70%) tumor samples and 51 out of the 83 (61%) adjacent normal tissue samples. In immunohistochemistry, 33% of normal breast tissue from unaffected women, 31% of the tumors, and 17% of the adjacent normal tissues in the breast cancer patients were found to be DKK1-positive. DKK1 promoter methylation and protein expression were not associated with age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, or HER2 positivity. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a concordant DKK1 methylation change between normal and cancerous breast tissue.Öğe Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of sirolimus on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats(CANADIAN SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, 2011) Tulek, Baykal; Kiyan, Esen; Toy, Hatice; Kiyici, Aysel; Narin, Cuneyt; Suerdem, MecitPurpose: Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis. Although the diagnosis and pathophysiology of this disease have been better characterized over the past few years, there is no effective therapy for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of sirolimus (SRL), which is a potential anti-fibrotic agent, by using bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in rats. Methods: A single intra-tracheal injection of BLM (2.5 U/kg) was administered and sirolimus (2.5 mg/kg/day) was given orally, beginning either one day before (early SRL) or nine days after (late SRL) the BLM administration. The effect of SRL on fibrosis was studied by analysis of cytokine levels in BAL fluid, measurement of lung tissue hydroxyproline (HPL) content and histopathological examination. Results: Both early and late SRL administrations caused a decrease in the levels of IL-13, PDGF-A and TGF-beta 1 (p=0.001) and an increase in IFN-beta levels (p=0.001) in BAL fluid. Early and late SRL also caused a decrease in HPL content (p=0.001). Early sirolimus caused a significant decrease in fibrosis score (p=0.001), while late SRL did not. Conclusion: Sirolimus was effective in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, especially in the early phases of the disease.Öğe Associations between nucleus size, and ımmunohistochemical galectin-3, cytokeratine-19 and hbme-1 markers in thyroid papillary carcinoma: a morphometric analyze(SPRINGER, 2019) Toy, Hatice; Etli, Özlem; Çelik, Zeliha Esin; Alikanoğlu, Arsenal SezginThis study aimed to evaluate the morphometric measurements in cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and determine a cut-off value to support diagnosis. Fifty cases with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included in the study with their Galectine-3, CK-19 and HBME-1 immunohistochemical staining results. Demographic and clinical data gathered from pathology reports, which included demographic information such as patients' sex, age, macroscopic tumor size, number of tumor focuses; prognostic parameters such as lenfovascular invasion, perineural invasion, thyroid capsule invasion; and results of immunohistochemical CK- 19, Galectin-3 and HBME-1 staining. Longest nuclear diameters of 150 tumor cells and 150 normal thyrocytes of each case were manually measured in an image analysis software, and mean longest nuclear diameters (MLND-TC and MLND-NC), and also tumor cell/normal cell longest nuclear diameter ratio (TC/NC-LNDR) were calculated. MLND-TC was higher than MLND-NC. The cases with higher MLND-TC had increased risk of capsule invasion in case of a negative staining with Galectine-3, HBME-1, or CK-19. When TC/NC-LNDR was high, number of tumor focus tended to be multiple and lymphovascular invasion risk was also increased. Subtypes of PTC were not differed regarding staining patterns. And finally, increased TC/NC-LNDR was associated with increased risk of having poor prognostic factors. The results of this study suggest that MLND-NC, MLND-TC, and TC/NCLNDR are valuable and easy-to-use measures, which can assist routine histology practice.Öğe Astroblastoma in a child(SPRINGER, 2008) Unal, Ekrem; Koksal, Yavuz; Vajtai, Istvan; Toy, Hatice; Kocaogullar, Yalcin; Paksoy, YahyaBackground Astroblastoma, an uncommon neuroepithelial tumor, typically presents in young adults as a well-circumscribed cortical or subcortical spherical mass. Astroblastoma may cause a diagnostic problem to anyone unfamiliar with its architectural and histological features. Case history We report the case of a 4-year-old boy who was referred for complaints of progressive deficits of balance and difficulty with walking during the previous 3 months. A large fronto-parietal cystic mass with solid mural nodule was discovered. Total removal of the tumor mass was performed, and a diagnosis of high grade (malignant) variant of astroblastoma was made. Postoperatively, the patient received radiation therapy, for a period of 11 weeks, followed by chemotherapy. He is in a good neurological recovery without any evidence of recurrence for 8 months. Prognosis The best treatment modality for astroblastoma is surgical resection if possible, whereas adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) can be considered in high-grade astroblastomas, with a close follow-up for all cases.Öğe B12 Vitamin Eksikliği ile Birlikte Görülen Amyotrofik Lateral Sklerozis (Olgu Sunumu)(2008) Güney, Figen; Kozak, Hasan Hüseyin; Genç, Emine; Kıreşi, Demet; Keleş, Bahar; Toy, HaticeAmaç: B12 vitamin eksikliğinin eşlik ettiği ALS olgusunun sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Olgu Sunumu: Yirmi üç yaşında erkek hasta konuşma bozukluğu, yutma güçlüğü şikayetleriyle servisimize yatırıldı. Nörolojik muayenesinde nazone ve hipofonik konuşma, disfaji ile bilateral öğürme refleksinde azalma mevcuttu. Öyküde 9 aylıktan beri et yemediği öğrenildi. B12: 42 pg/ml (normal 145-914) olarak tespit edildi. Bulber ALS, myastenia gravis, inklüzyon body miyoziti, multipl skleroz, serebrovasküler olay gibi disfaji ve hipfoni yapabilecek diğer nedenleri dışlamak için yapılan tetkiklerde yalnızca kranial MRG’de sentrum semiovale düzeyinde periventriküler noktasal tarzda hiperintens görünüm mevcuttu. Hasta B12 tedavisi yapılarak kontrollere gelmek üzere taburcu edildi. 8 ay sonra konuşma bozukluğunda artma, kollarda güçsüzlük şikayetleriyle servisimize yeniden yatırıldı. Nörolojik muayenede daha önceki bulgulara ilave olarak dilde atrofi ve fasikülasyon, çene refleksinde artış görüldü. Her iki el interosseal, tenar, hipotenar kaslarda minimal atrofi, omuz kuşağı kaslarında atrofi ve fasikülasyon görüldü. Tekrar yapılan EMG’sinde her iki biseps, deltoid, abduktor pollisis brevis ve sol orbikularis oris kaslarında fasikülasyon ve kronik denervasyon bulguları görüldü. Bunun üzerine hastaya ALS tanısı konularak riluzol tedavisi başlandı. Sonuç: Bu hastada B12 eksikliği ile ALS’nin birlikte görülmesi tesadüfi bir durum olabilir, ancak ALS tanısı konan bu hastanın genç yaşta olması nedeniyle B12 eksikliğinin nörodejeneratif süreci hızlandırıcı bir faktör olduğu da düşünülebilir.Öğe Bilateral Plevral Tutulum ile Başvuran Multipl Miyelom Olgusu(2007) Yosunkaya, Şebnem; Maden, Emin; Toy, Hatice; Yazıcı, Raziye; Özer, Faruk; Reisli, İsmailMultipl miyelomda plevral efüzyon nispeten nadir bir bulgudur; miyelomatöz tutuluma bağlı malign plevral efüzyon ise çok daha nadir görülür. Biz bilateral miyelomatöz plevral efüzyonu olan bir olgu sunduk. Miyelomatöz etyoloji plevral sıvı protein elektroforezinde gammopatinin gösterilmesi ve plevral sıvı sitolojisinde bol miktarda atipik plazma hücrelerinin gösterilmesiyle kondu. Multipl miyeloma bağlı plevral sıvılar genellikle IgA tipi multipl miyelomlarda görülmektedir. Sunulan olgunun plevral sıvının akım sitometrik çalışmasında CD-138 pozitif hücre yüzeylerinde IgG olduğu gösterildi. Daha önce multipl miyelom tanısı almamış olan bir hastanın plevra tutulumu ile başvurabileceği, tutulumun bilateral olabileceği, tanıda akım sitometrinin kullanılabileceği vurgulandı.Öğe Bilateral ranula in an elderly patient: A case report(2006) Yaman, Hüseyin; Arbağ, Hamdi; Cenik, Ziya; Öztürk, Kayhan; Toy, HaticeRanula sublingual bezden gelişen ekstravazasyon kistidir. Genellikle ağrısız, fluktuan şişlik olarak görülür. Sıklıkla genç erişkinlerde görülür ve unilateraldir. Bilateral ranula nadirdir. Elli üç yaşında kadın hasta, 6 aydır bulunan ve zamanla büyüyen ağız tabanında bilateral şişlik şikayeti ile başvurdu. Lezyonlar intraoral yolla total olarak çıkartıldılar. Postoperatif dönemde komplikasyon görülmedi ve 7 aylık takip süresinde rekürrens yoktu.Öğe Bir çocukta serebellumun disembriyoplastik nöroepiteliyal tümörü(2014) Köse, Doğan; Kalkan, Erdal; Paksoy, Yahya; Toy, Hatice; Ergün, Nurcan Üçüncü; Köksal, YavuzDisembriyoplastik nöroepitelyial tümörler (DNT) tipik olarak supratentorial yerleşen benign neoplazmalardır. Bilinç ve postural tonus kaybı şikayetleri ile bir lokal hastaneye başvuran 12 yaşındaki erkek hasta saptanan serebellar kitlesi nedeniyle hastanemize refere edildi. Hikayesinden benzer şikayetlerinin 3 ve 10 yaşlarında da tekrar ettiği ancak o dönemde pediatric kardiyolog ve pediatric nörolog tarafından yapılan incelemelerde herhangi bir anomaliye rastlanmadığı öğrenildi. Hastanın fizik muayenesi ve rutin laboratuvar tetkikleri normaldi. Serebellumda saptanan kitle total olarak çıkarıldı. Alınan dokunun histopatolojik değerlendirmesi ile hastaya DNT tanısı konuldu. Hasta halen, 5 yıldır, herhangi bir nüks belirtisi olmadan ayaktan takip edilmektedir. Bu yazıda serebellum yerleşimli DNT'ye sahip bir çocuk vakanın literatürle paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.Öğe Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Successful Treatment With Sirolimus(AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS, 2012) Yuksekkaya, Hasan; Ozbek, Orhan; Keser, Melike; Toy, HaticeBlue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder with characteristic vascular malformations of the skin, gastrointestinal system, and, less often, other organ systems. The characteristic cutaneous lesions consist of deep-blue, soft, rubbery blebs, which are easily compressible. The most serious complication is abundant gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe the case of an 8-year-old girl with diagnosed BRBNS who had multiple venous malformations all over her body, importantly, throughout the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon. She presented with recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding and soft tissue hematoma despite prednisolone and a-interferon therapy. We started low-dose sirolimus as an antiangiogenic agent. The vascular masses were reduced rapidly and there was no gastrointestinal bleeding and muscular hematoma after sirolimus therapy. There was no drug adverse reaction at 20-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report related to the use of sirolimus in a patient with BRBNS. Pediatrics 2012;129:e1080-e1084Öğe Bullous pemphigoid: A rare childhood disease with eleveted immunoglobulin E levels [Büllöz pemfigoid: Artmiş i?mmünglobulin E ile seyreden nadir bir çocukluk ça?i hastali?i](2010) Alp, Hayrullah; Keser, Melike; Toy, HaticeBullous pemphigoid is a rare pemphigoid disease characterized by separation at the dermal-epidermal junction and common blisters clinically. We have presented a 4 month-old case who developed tense bullae during her first month of life and diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid with elevated serum IgE levels. In spite of the elevated serum IgE levels, the patient received benefit from the topical steroid treatment. Also, this is the youngest case of bullous pemphigoid that is not associated with the maternal pemphigoid gestationis.Öğe Büllöz Pemfigoid: Artmış İmmünglobulin E ile Seyreden Nadir Bir Çocukluk Çağı Hastalığı(Turkish Soc Dermatology Venerology, 2010) Alp, Hayrullah; Keser, Melike; Toy, HaticeBüllöz pemfigoid, nadir görülen bir pemfigoid grubu hastalık olup dermalepidermal bileşkede ayrılma ve klinik olarak yaygın büller ile karakterizedir. Makalemizde, hayatının ilk ayında gergin büller gelişen ve artmış serum IgE seviyesi bulunan 4 aylık bir olguyu sunduk. Yüksek serum IgE seviyesine rağmen olgumuz verilen topikal steroid tedavisinden fayda gördü. Olgu, literatürdeki qebelik pemfiqoidine bağlı olmayan en genç hasta özelliğini de taşımaktadır.Öğe Büllöz Pemfigoid: Artmış Immünglobulin E ile Seyreden Nadir Bir Çocukluk Çağı Hastalığı(2010) Alp, Hayrullah; Keser, Melike; Toy, HaticeBüllöz pemfigoid, nadir görülen bir pemfigoid grubu hastalık olup dermal-epidermal bileşkede ayrılma ve klinik olarak yaygın büller ile karakterizedir. Makalemizde, hayatının ilk ayında gergin büller gelişen ve artmış serum IgE seviyesi bulunan 4 aylık bir olguyu sunduk. Yüksek serum IgE seviyesine rağmen olgumuz verilen topikal steroid tedavisinden fayda gördü. Olgu, literatürdeki gebelik pemfigoidine bağlı olmayan en genç hasta özelliğini de taşımaktadır.Öğe Comparison of Bone Dust With Other Types of Bone Grafts for Cranioplasty(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2014) Karameşe, Mehtap; Toksöz, Mustafa Raşid; Selimoğlu, Muhammed Nebil; Akdağ, Osman; Toy, Hatice; Tosun, ZekeriyaPurpose: Split calvarial bone graft is preferred in the reconstruction of calvarial defects. However, it is not feasible for use in some challenging cases and in children. Particulate bone graft containing viable osteoblasts could be an attractive alternative. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 female rats were randomly separated into 4 groups. Full-thickness bone graft from rat calvaria was harvested in diameters of 8 x 8 mm. In group 1, the periosteum and skin were closed without any bone graft; bone dust particles were placed in group 2; bone fragments were placed in group 3; and full-thickness cranial bone graft was placed in group 4. After 12 weeks, all rats were killed. Degrees of resorption, foreign body reaction, and bone spicule length were assessed histologically, and an immunohistochemical study was used to show bone graft viability. Results: In graft viability, osteogenesis, and osteoblastic differentiation, groups 3 and 4 were similar and superior to groups 1 and 2. No osteoblastic activity and no viable bone dust were detected in groups 1 and 2. Resorption was observed in every preparate that contains bone tissue, and foreign body reaction was prominent in small bone groups, such as in group 2. Conclusions: In the full-thickness cranial bone graft group and the bone fragment group, the preservation of bone viability was obviously superior to the bone dust group and the periosteum-only group. In conclusion, bone dust behaved like the periosteum and could not create new bone, whereas bone particles behaved like the full-thickness cranial bone graft and were capable of preserving viability.Öğe Comparison of the effects of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen on radiation-induced lung toxicity: results of an experimental study(SPRINGER, 2013) Yavas, Guler; Yavas, Cagdas; Acar, Hilal; Toy, Hatice; Yuce, Deniz; Ata, OzlemThe purpose of this study is to compare the effects of anastrozole, letrozole and tamoxifen on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Eighty female Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups. Group (G) 1 was defined as control group. G2 was radiation therapy (RT) only group. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were tamoxifen, anastrozole and letrozole control groups respectively. Groups 6, 7 and 8 were RT plus tamoxifen, anastrozole and letrozole groups, respectively. A single dose of 12 Gy RT was given to both lungs. Tamoxifen, anastrozole and letrozole were started 1 week before the RT and continued until the animals were sacrificed 16 weeks after the RT. As an end point, the extent of pulmonary fibrosis for each rat was quantified with image analysis of histological sections of the lung. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. The congestion, inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis scores were significantly different between all the study groups (p values were < 0.001 for each). When compared with RT only group, concomitant RT and tamoxifen group increased the radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.005). However, using either anastrozole or letrozole with RT did not increase the radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (p values were 0.768 and 0.752, respectively). Concomitant use of tamoxifen with RT seems to increase radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. However, the use of both anastrozole and letrozole appears to be safe with concomitant RT, without increasing the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. This finding should be clarified with further clinical studies.Öğe Deneysel nekrotizan enterokolit modelinde ağız yolu ile verilen immünglobülin A'nın etkisi(2008) Aydoğdu, Bahattin; Yurtçu, Müslim; Akbulut, Seval; Gürbilek, Mehmet; Toy, Hatice; Günel, EnginAmaç: Deneysel/olarak oluşturulan nekrotizan enterokolit (NEK) modelinde, oral yoldan verilen immünglobülin A'nın sıçan barsağını koruyucu etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 40 yenidoğan sıçan 10'arlı gruplar halinde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol (K) grubu anne yanında bırakılırken, NEK (N), sham (S) ve tedavi (T) grubu anne sütü almadan, annesinden ayrı olarak 36C de ve % 60'lık nemde beslenme ve bakım sağlanmak üzere inkübatöre yerleştirildi. K grubundaki sıçanlar anne sütü ile beslendi. N grubundaki denekler doğar doğmaz, hiç anne sütü almadan annelerinin yanından ayrılarak formula mama ile beslendi. T grubundaki sıçanlara hiç anne sütü almadan formula mamaya ilaveten 600 mglkglgün 6 doz halinde saf oral IgA verildi. S grubundaki deneklere hiç anne sütü almadan mamaya ilaveten 0.1 mllkglgün immunoglobulin çözücüsü olan distile su verildi. Tüm gruplardaki sıçanlar 4. gün tartılarak sakrifiye edildi. Laparatomi sonrası ile-oçekal valvin 1 cm proksimalinden 2 cm'lik barsak segmenti histopatolojik inceleme için, geri kalan 10 cm'lik segment biyokimyasal inceleme için çıkartıldı. H&E boyama ile histopatolojik, ARC (Apoptosis Repressor With CARD) Ab-1 apopitozis kiti kullanılarak immunohistokimyasal, doku Myeloperooksidaz (MPO), Tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-a), ve İnterlökin altı (IL-6) bakılarak biyokimyasal değerlendirme yapıldı. Bulgular: N ve S gruplarında mortalite oranı T ve K gruplarına göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (P0.05). K grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı% ağırlık artış olduğu tespit edilirken, diğer gruplarda ağırlık azalması tespit edildi (P0.05). Histopatolojik değerlendirme ve apopitozis dağılımına bakıldığında, T grubunun, N ve S grubundan anlamlı azalma olduğu görüldü (P0.05). Doku IL-6, TNF-a ve MPO seviyeleri incelendiğinde, T grubunun S ve N gruplarından anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu (P0.05), ayrıca T ile K grubu arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edildi (P0.05). Sonuç: Oral yolla verilen saf lgA'nın deneysel NEK modelinde, intestinal hasan azalttığı ve NEK' ı önlediği görüldü.Öğe Deneysel nekrotizan enterokolit modelinde ağızdan verilen immünglobülin G' nin etkisi(2008) Yurtçu, Müslim; Aydoğdu, Bahattin; Toy, Hatice; Gürbilek, Mehmet; Günel, EnginAmaç: Deneysel olarak oluşturulan nekrotizan enterokolit (NEK) modelinde, ağızdan verilen immünglobulin G’nin sıçan barsağında koruyucu etkisini araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 40 yenidoğan sıçan 10’arlı gruplar halinde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol (K) grubu anne yanında bırakılırken, NEK (N), sham (S) ve tedavi (T) grubu anne sütü almadan, annesinden ayrı olarak 36C’de ve % 60’lık nemde beslenme ve bakım sağlanmak üzere inkübatöre yerleştirildi. K grubundaki sıçanlar anne sütü ile beslendi. N grubundaki denekler doğar doğmaz, anne sütü almadan annelerinin ayrılarak formula mama ile beslendi. T grubundaki sıçanlara hiç anne sütü almadan formula mamaya ilaveten 1200 mg/kg/gün 6 doz olarak ağızdan saf Ig G verildi. S grubundaki deneklere hiç anne sütü almadan mamaya ek olarak 0.1 ml /kg/gün immunoglobülin çözücüsü olan distile su verildi. Tüm gruplardaki sıçanlar 4. gün tartılarak sakrifiye edildi. Laparatomiden sonra ileoçekal valvin 1 cm yukarısından 2 cm’lik bağırsak segmenti histopatolojik inceleme için, geri kalan 10 cm’lik kısmı biyokimyasal inceleme için çıkartıldı. H&E boyama ile histopatolojik, ARC (Apoptosis Repressor With CARD) Ab-1 apopitozis kiti kullanılarak immunohistokimyasal, Tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-?) ve İnterlökin altı (IL-6) bakılarak biyokimyasal inceleme yapıldı. Bulgular: N, S ve T gruplarında mortalite oranı K gruplarına göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (P0.038). K grubunda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı ağırlık artışı tespit edildi (P0.000). Histopatolojik değerlendirmede K grubunda villus hasarı, transmural nekroz ve apoptozisin, N, S ve T gruplarından anlamlı olarak az olduğu görüldü (P0.000). Apopitozisin de K grubunda, N, S ve T gruplarından anlamlı olarak az olduğu görüldü (P0.001). Doku IL-6 ve TNF-? seviyelerinin K grubunda, S, N ve T gruplarından anlamlı olarak az olduğu (P0.05), ayrıca N, S ve T grupları arasında anlamlı farklı olmadığı saptandı (P0.05). Sonuç: Ağızdan verilen saf IgG’nin deneysel NEK modelinde, biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik olarak intestinal yıkımı azaltmadığı ve NEK’i önlemediği gösterildi.Öğe Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin and phosphorus in acute mesenteric ischemia(TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2011) Karabulut, Keziban; Gul, Mehmet; Dundar, Zerrin Defne; Cander, Basar; Kurban, Sevil; Toy, HaticeBACKGROUND In this study, using an animal model of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), we investigated the possible use of procalcitonin and phosphorus in the early diagnosis of AMI. METHODS In this study, 21 New Zealand rabbits were used. Subjects were allocated into three groups as Control, Sham and Ischemia. No intervention was performed in the subjects in the Control group. In the subjects in the Sham and Ischemia groups, laparotomy was performed with midline incision. In the Ischemia group, the superior mesenteric artery was found and tied after laparotomy. Blood was drawn from the animals in all groups at 0, 1, 3 and 6 hours, and procalcitonin and phosphorus levels were studied in these samples. RESULTS In the Ischemia group, the increase in the levels of serum phosphorus and procalcitonin was found to be statistically significant compared to the Control and Sham groups (p < 0.05). The levels of phosphorus and procalcitonin were detected to increase from the 1st hour after ischemia onset, and the increase continued for the following 6 hours (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Phosphorus and procalcitonin may be important parameters for use in the early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.Öğe The Effect of Cigarette Smoke in Bleomicyn Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat Model(AKAD DOKTORLAR YAYINEVI, 2011) Maden, Emin; Toy, Hatice; Teke, Turgut; Korkmaz, Celalettin; Kiyici, Halil; Imecik, Oktay; Gok, MehmetThe role of cigarette smoking in the development and outcome of pulmonary fibrosis is uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of route of bleomycin exposure in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the effects of cigarette smoke on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We studied five groups of rats; 1-control group, 2-intratracheal bleomycin (IT), 3- intratracheal bleomycin plus cigarette smoke for 4 wk (IT-S), 4- inhaled bleomycin (IN), 5- inhaled bleomycin plus cigarette smoke for 4 wk (IN-S). According to Aschoft's criteria, fibrosis score was higher in IT and IT-S compared to control, IN and INS groups. There was no significant difference between IT and IT-S groups. Histopathological evaluation of the lungs of rats revealed that neutrophils, macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes in alveolar interstitial space were significantly higher in IT and IT-S compared to IN and IN-S (p < 0.001). IT and IT-S showed a severe collagen, laminin, elastin, fibronectin and proteoglican levels in alveolar, vascular, airway and interstitial space. IN and IN-S showed mild inflammation in lung. There were alveolitis, edema, peribronchial fibrosis, fibroblast proliferation and emphysematous lesions in all groups except for the control group. In this study, we showed that in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, intratracheal administration of bleomycin is more effective than bleomycin inhalation and smoking has no additional effect on development of fibrosis.Öğe The effect of cigarette smoke in bleomicyn ınduced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat model(2011) Maden, Emin; Toy, Hatice; Teke, Turgut; Korkmaz, Celalettin; Kıyıcı, Halil; İmecik, Oktay; Gök, MehmetSigaranın pulmoner fibrozis geli?imindeki ve sonuçlarına etkisi net değildir. Bu çalı?mada bleomisin uygulama yolunun pul- moner fibrosis geli?imine ve sigaranın bleomisine bağlı pulmoner fibrosis geli?imi üzerine etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Be? grup fare ile çalı?tık; 1-kontrol grubu, 2- intratrakeal bleomisin (IT), 3- intratrakeal bleomisin ve 4 hafta süreyle sigara du- manı (IT-S), 4- inhale bleomisin(IN), 5- 4 hafta süreyle inhale bleomisinle birlikte sigara dumanı (IN-S). Aschoft kriterlerine gö- re fibrosis skoru IT ve IT-S gruplarında kontrol, IN ve IN-S gruplarıyla kar?ıla?tırıldığında daha yüksek bulundu. IT ve IT-S grup- ları arasında belirgin fark yoktu. Farelerin akciğerlerinin histopatolojik incelemesinde alveol ve interstisyel bo?luktaki nötrofil, makrofaj, plazma hücreleri ve lenfositler IN ve IN-S grubuna kıyasla IT ve IT-S grubunda belirgin olarak daha yüksekti (p0.001). IT ve IT-S gruplarında alveolar, vasküler, havayolu ve interstisyel bo?lukta yoğun kollajen, laminin, elastin, fibro- nektin ve proteoglikan düzeyleri izlendi. IN ve IN-S gruplarında akciğerde hafif inflamasyon izlendi. Kontrol grubu dı?ında tüm gruplarda alveolit, ödem, peribron?ial fibrozis, fibroblast çoğalması ve amfizematöz lezyonlar mevcuttu. Bu çalı?mada fare- lerde pulmoner fibrozis olu?umunda intratrakeal bleomisin uygulamanın inhale bleomisin inhalasyonundan daha etki- li olduğu ve sigaranın pulmoner fibrozis geli?iminde ek katkısı bulunmadığını tespit ettik.
