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Öğe The Effects of Coenzyme Q(10) on Inflammation Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2017) Uluisik, Deniz; Keskin, ErcanBackground: Coenzyme Q(10) is a well-known cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain required for ATP production. Coenzyme Q(10) is recognized as an intracellular antioxidant that protects cell membrane phospholipids, mitochondrial membrane protein, and plasma low-density lipoprotein against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Diabetes and its complications have been related to increased levels of free radicals and systemic proinflammatory cytokines and to an abnormal lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q(10) supplementation on some cytokine levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 38 healthy, adult male rats were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups. All animals were housed in separated cages during the four weeks. The animals in group 1 was fed standard rat pellets for 4 weeks. It was administered at 0.3 mL corn oil intraperitoneally daily for four weeks in group 2 animals. The animals in group 3 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ(10) daily for 4 weeks. Group 4 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and group 5 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and then was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ(10) daily for 4 weeks. During the experiment, three animals from group 4 and one animals from group 5 were died due to streptozotocin-induced hypoglycemia. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals. In these blood samples, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha plasma levels were determined with ELISA using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method via commercial kits. In this study, IL-4 level as an anti-inflammatory cytokine significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with diabetes induction compared to control group level. IL-10 level in diabetic group was statistically different (P < 0.05) from control group level. CoQ(10) application to diabetic animals improved the falling in IL-10 level of diabetic group (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-a levels in diabetic group significantly increased (P < 0.05) in parallel with each other compared to control group levels. The same parameters were reduced (P < 0.05) by CoQ(10) application in diabetic animals. Discussion: In this study, the occurred changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines with experimentally induced diabetes are expected results and these results are consistent with some studies related diabetes. These results may be considered to hazardous effects and inflammation caused by diabetes on liver, pancreas and other tissues. CoQ(10) suppressed the increments in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, whereas it restored the reducing in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels arising due to diabetes. The obtained results from this study after CoQ(10) application supported similar studies used CoQ(10) application against deleterious effects of diabetes in animals and humans. Therefore, it is possible to say that CoQ(10) may play important role in regulation of imbalance between inflammation markers in diabetes conditions and further studies are needed to clear the beneficial effects of CoQ(10) treatment on the other inflammation markers in diabetes status.Öğe Effects of Ginseng and Echinacea on Cytokine mRNA Expression in Rats(HINDAWI LTD, 2012) Uluisik, Deniz; Keskin, ErcanThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of ginseng and echinacea on the mRNA expression of IL-10, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 in healthy rats. Six-week-old male Fischer 344 rats (n = 48) were used. The animals were divided into three equal groups, as follows: control (C); ginseng (G); echinacea (E). While the C group was fed a standard rat diet (Purina) ad libitum for a period of 40 days, the G and E groups animals received the same diet containing 0.5 g/kg of Panax ginseng root powder and 0.75 g/kg of Echinacea purpurea root powder, respectively. Blood samples were obtained from 8 rats in each group after 20 and 40 days of treatment, and the mRNA expression of IL-10, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 was determined. After 20 days of treatment, the expression of IL-10mRNA in the G group was different from the C group (P < 0.05); however, after 40 days of treatment, there was no difference between the groups. There was no difference after 20 and 40 days of treatment between the groups with respect to the expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA. After 20 days of treatment, the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the E group was higher (P < 0.05) than the C group. After 40 days of treatment, the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was similar in all of the groups. Based on the current study, the increase in expression of IL-10 mRNA in the G group and the increase in expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the E group support the use of these plants for purposes of modulating the immune system. However, a more detailed study regarding the effects of ginseng and echinacea on these cytokines and other cytokines is needed.Öğe The effects of ginseng and echinacea on some plasma cytokine levels in rats(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Uluisik, Deniz; Keskin, ErcanIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of ginseng and echinacea on plasma levels of IL-10, TGF-beta 1, TNF-alpha in healthy rats. In this research, 48 male Fischer 344 rats were divided into three equal groups as Control (K), Ginseng (G) and Echinacea (E). The control group were fed the standart rat diet (Purina (R)) as ad libitum for 40 days, whereas G and E groups animals received the same diet containing 0.5 g/kg Panax ginseng and 0.75 g/kg Echinacea purpurea, respectively. At 20th and 40th days, plasma levels of the IL-10, TGF-beta 1, TNF-alpha were assessed. At the 20th day, plasma IL-10 level in the ginseng group was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the control and the echinacea group. There was no difference among the sampling times and the groups in concern with TGF-beta 1 level. At the 20th day, TNF-alpha level was higher (P < 0.05) in the echinacea group than those of the ginseng and the control group. At the 40th day, TNF-alpha level in the echinacea group was higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. In this study, the increases in IL-10 level with ginseng application and in TNF-alpha level in the echinacea group have supported the view of these plants modulate the immune system. However, it requires to make more detailed study about the effects of these plants on these cytokines.Öğe Hepatoprotective Effects of Ginseng in Rats Fed Cholesterol Rich Diet(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2016) Uluisik, Deniz; Keskin, ErcanBackground: Ginseng species having been used in various traditional herbal therapies for many years in worldwide. In recent years, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and obesity have become serious health problems. These are considered risk factor for metabolic and organic diseases such as atherosclerosis, fatty liver, diabetes. Therefore, prevention and treatment of these disorders are significant for ensuring comfortable and healthy life. It has been also stated that ginseng saponin suppressed liver enzyme increments caused by feeding with high cholesterol or fatty diet. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ginseng on liver enzymes of rats fed cholesterol-rich diet. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 24 healthy adult male Wistar Albino rats were equally divided into three groups as control group (K), cholesterol group (C), and cholesterol + ginseng group (CG). The K group had ad libitum access to a standard rat diet for 40 days. The C and CG groups had ad libitum access to the same diet containing 5% cholesterol powder and 5% cholesterol + 1 g/kg Panax ginseng root powder, respectively, for 40 days. On the 40 th day of the study, blood samples were taken from 8 animals in each group. At the end of the study, plasma samples were analyzed for aspartase transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were determined by Duncan's multiple range test. In this study, the results showed that AST, ALT, GGT levels in cholesterol group significantly increased compared to control group but these parameters in cholesterol + ginseng group significantly decreased with ginseng administration compared to cholesterol group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups with regard to ALP level. Discussion: AST, ALT, GGT and ALP are considered to be the markers of organ disfunction, indicator of cellular damage, cell leakage and the loss of cell membrane integritiy in the liver, kidney, heart and other organs. It was investigated effect of ginseng on some hepatic enzymes in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. In this study, feeding with the diet for 40 days resulted in elevation AST, ALT, GGT compared control levels (P < 0.05). In some studies, using high cholesterol diet caused hepatic injury in animal and human models. The harmful effects of high cholesterol on liver have been attributed to hepatic fibrosis, lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous oxidative stress, inducing cellular damage and engendering hyperlipidemia. Increases in ALT, AST, GGT levels are thought to be due to oxidative stress related to hyperlipidemia in present study. In this study, treated with red Korean ginseng extract significantly prevented the elevations in AST, ALT, GGT levels (P < 0.05). The use of ginseng as an unconventional health treatment is gaining remarkable popularity among the people. It has been known that ginseng have assorted beneficial pharmacological effects and hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, antioxidative and immunostimulator effects have been stated among its pharmacological properties. These beneficial effects of ginseng on liver enzymes attributed to its active components known as ginsenosides. In the light of the findings, Panax ginseng root powder may be useful for hepatic damage and fibrosis associated with high cholesterol diet.Öğe Histological and Histochemical Evaluations on the Effects of High Incubation Temperature on the Embryonic Development of Tibial Growth Plate in Broiler Chickens(WILEY, 2016) Oznurlu, Yasemin; Sur, Emrah; Ozaydin, Tugba; Celik, Ilhami; Uluisik, DenizThe effects of experimentally induced high incubation temperature on the embryonic development of growth plate of the chicken were investigated by means of histological and enzyme histochemical methods. In the experiments, 250 fertile eggs of Ross-308 broiler strain were divided into two groups, the control eggs were maintained under optimal conditions (37.8 degrees C and 65% +/- 62% relative humidity, rh) during the whole incubation period. Heat-stress imposed eggs were maintained under normal conditions (37.88C and 65% 62% rh) until the 10th day of incubation, and then, continuously (24 h per day) exposed to high temperature (38.8 degrees C and 65% +/- 62% rh). Tissue samples were taken from 10 animals of each group at the 11th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 21st days of incubation. Tissue samples were processed by enzyme histochemical methods in addition to routine histological techniques. The relative tibia weights and tibia length were lower in the heat-stress group compared to the control group. The results of the measurements of the growth plate showed that the proliferative zone was narrowed whereas, the transitional and hypertrophic zone were thickened in the heat stress group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) density was significantly decreased in the heat-stress group compared to the control group. In conclusion, bone formation and growth plate formation are crucial for embryo development and 1 degrees C higher from optimum may increase the incidence of skeletal disorders and leg problems in broiler chickens which is one of the major animal welfare concerns for the poultry industry. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79: 106-110, 2016. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Immunohistochemical Distribution of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in Mouse Placenta at Different Gestational Stages(WILEY, 2016) Ozaydin, Tugba; Sur, Emrah; Oznurlu, Yasemin; Celik, Ilhami; Uluisik, DenizThe aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemical distribution of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the mouse placenta at different gestational stages. For this purpose a total of 18 Swiss albino female mice at 12-14 weeks of age were used. Females were sacrificed on days 3 (early), 10 (mid-), and 17 (late) of pregnancy and the implantation sites of the pregnant uterus were sampled. The sections were made transversely through the central region of the implantation site and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. PCNA and Hsp70 was stained immunohistochemically. Since the definitive placenta was not still formed on day 3 of pregnancy, Hsp70 and PCNA positivity were evaluated in only luminal epithelium and decidual-stromal cells. On days 10 and 17 of pregnancy, Hsp70 and PCNA positivity were evaluated in labyrinth zone, junctional zone and decidual layer of placenta. Hsp70 expression was observed trophoblast cells and decidual cells and was relatively constant throughout the pregnancy. This protein was strongly labeled in the trophoblast cells; while decidual cells were displayed moderate staining. In early pregnant mouse uteri, PCNA was mainly localized in decidual-stromal cells. The trophoblast cells and decidual cells displayed highly proliferative activity at the midgestational period. However there was a significant decrease in the percentage of PCNA positive cells in late gestation. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
