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    Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Turkish endemic Sideritis extracts
    (CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS-CSIC, 2005) Ozkan, G; Sagdic, O; Ozcan, M; Ozcelik, H; Unver, A
    Sideritis species are traditionally used as teas, flavoring agents and for medicinal purposes in Turkey. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sideritis condensata Boiss. & Heldr. (SC) and Sideritis eryhrantha var. erythrantha Boiss. & Heldr. (SE) endemic species' extracts of Lamiaceae were determined, These extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity by using the agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Statistical differences within bacteria were significant at p < 0.05. SC extract was more effective than the other. At all concentrations, although the most sensitive bacteria was P aeruginosa, the most resistant bacteria were E. faecalis for SC extract and E. faecalis, S. aureus for SE extract. Total phenolics, radical scavenging activity by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the antioxiclant capacities by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex method of the extracts were determined. The total phenolics were found as 247.62 +/- 1.91 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in SC extract and 217.61 +/- 0.95 mg GAE/g in SE extract of dried weight. At 100 ppm concentration, the free radical scavenging activities of SC and SE extracts were found as 72.01 +/- 1.93 and 71.48 +/- 1.95%, respectively. The antioxidant activities by phosphomolybdenum method of SC and SE extracts were 279.37 +/- 3.61 and 146.11 +/- 3.11 mg/g dried extract.
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    Effect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Ozcan, M; Arslan, D; Unver, A
    Sun drying and oven drying (50 degrees C) characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were determined. The effect of these drying methods on the mineral content of fresh, oven dried and the wire basket sun dried basil were compared. Oven drying resulted in increased drying rates and shorter drying time. Basil can be oven dried at 50 degrees C to 17.31% moisture content after 15h and can be sun dried to 23.79% moisture content after 28h. The mineral content of oven dried herbs was higher than sun dried herbs. K, P, Ca, S, Mg, Fe and Al contents were determined as main minerals in both oven and sun dried basil. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Inhibitory effect of pollen and propolis extracts
    (WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2004) Ozcan, M; Unver, A; Ceylan, DA; Yetisir, R
    Bee pollen and propolis were collected from Apis mellifera colonies in five regions of Turkey. The antifungal properties of methanol extracts of pollen and propolis (2% and 5% concentrations) were determined on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporium f sp. melonis. The least active concentration towards the tested fungi was 2% concentration of both extracts. The inhibitory effect of all propolis extracts on growth of F. oxysporium and A. alternata were generally higher when compared with pollen extracts. The growth of A. alternata and F oxysporium were not affected at both concentrations of pollens. However, F oxysporium against propolis extracts was more sensitive than A. alternata (P < 0.01). None of the pollen extracts tested completely inhibited mycelial growth of fungi used in our experiment. Percent inhibition of both pollen concentrations against A. alternata and F. oxysporium was lower than 50%. However, both concentrations of Alanya and Beysehir propolis extracts were 100% effective on mycelial growth of F oxysporium until the 7(th) day of incubation (P < 0.01). 2% Alanya and Beysehir pollen extracts completely stimulated mycelial growth of F oxysporium on the 7(th) day of incubation. Both concentrations of propolis extract showed more than 50% inhibition against F. oxysporium. It is suggested that high concentrations of propolis extract could be used as an antifungal agent against tested fungi.