A Huge True Axillobrachial Aneurysm Following Arteriovenous Fistula Ligation

Aneurysmal degeneration of the upper limb arteriesis a rare entity. We discuss the clinical characteristics,surgical options for a huge true axillobrachial arteryaneurysm following arteriovenous fistula closure afterrenal transplantation. The underlying pathogenesis of thetrue axillobrachial artery aneurysm remains unclear. Thecurrent theory is that the adaptive arterial wall enlargementis secondary to the increased flow in the inflow artery.Immunosuppressive therapy and corticosteroids contributeto the aneurysmal formation. Surgical treatment includinganeurysmal excision, bypass with autogenous or prostheticgrafts are the primary therapeutic options.We believe that this case will be inspiring and helpful to thecardiovascular surgeons during their daily practice.